AC 3.4

Question 1

Limitation of the police - rising level of crime

Answer 1

There has been a rising level of crime in the UK, however the police clear up rate has fallen.

Question 2

Limitation of the police - budget cuts

Answer 2

Have been major cuts to the police budget since 2010 (19%), which has led to fewer officers and investigations being dropped

Question 3

What does CSEW show that suggests a limitation of the police

Answer 3

It shows a different rate of crime, that suggests that crime rates are decreasing - crimes not being recorded (dark figure of crime)

Question 4

Strengths of the police - improvements

Answer 4

Improvement in relation to domestic abuse cases, with more leading to sentences

Question 5

Case that shows a limitation of the police

Answer 5

Puppy Farm Murder - The police had failed to sufficiently investigate properly and made the decision to return the shotgun after a criminal investigation. This allows John Lowe to kill Christine and Lucy Lee

Question 6

Limitation of the judiciary - dealings of cases

Answer 6

There can sometimes be Jury bias in some trials

Question 7

Example of jury bias

Answer 7

Regina V Mirza - Members of the jury urged a conviction of a black immigrant due to their membership of a neo nazi group

Question 8

What % of the jury are male

Answer 8

71%

Question 9

What % of the jury are privately educated

Answer 9

75%

Question 10

Case example of class bias from the jury

Answer 10

Lavina Woodward - stabbed her boyfriend to death but didnt go to prison. The judge said that prison was too harsh as it would ruin her medical career

Question 11

Case example of Gender bias from the jury

Answer 11

Neil Wilson - was given a suspended sentences after he abused a 13 year old girl. The judge blamed the girl for ‘egging him on’

Question 12

Case example of cultural bias from the jury

Answer 12

Natalia Sikorska - got away without a prison sentence for stealing over £1000 worth of goods. The judge let her off as she was new to the country and was studying at a university in London

Question 13

Positives of judges being out of touch

Answer 13

• doesnt necessarily influence end result of the case
• gets rid of social bias
• allows for independence

Question 14

Negatives of judges being out of touch

Answer 14

• if in touch they may be influences by external factors
• could be reacting to a moral panic

Question 15

When was the probation service privatised?

Answer 15

2014

Question 16

Who owned part of the probation service?

Answer 16

Community rehabilitation programmes

Question 17

Who supervised low risk offenders?

Answer 17

CRC

Question 18

Who supervised high risk offenders?

Answer 18

The pre existing probation service

Question 19

What was wrong with the privatisation of the probation service?

Answer 19

The HM inspectorate of probation found that private companies were failing 50% of the time

Question 20

Limitation of the probation service - shortage

Answer 20

National shortage of officers

Question 21

Limitation of probation service - workload

Answer 21

High workloads for employees have affected standards

Question 22

Case example of the probation service failing

Answer 22

Leroy Campbell - history of sexual offending. Whilst on probation he claimed that he feels as though he may re offend. A dew weeks later he raped and killed Lisa Skidmore.

Question 23

Strength of CPS - independence

Answer 23

The CPS are independent from the police, meaning they are not impacted by their opinions

Question 24

In 2018, what % of defendents taken to court by the CPS, convicted

Answer 24

84%

Question 25

What sort of cases have the CPS been controversal and why

Answer 25

How they handle rape cases, they have been reported to throw out and drop weak cases to improve their overall performance

Question 26

Positives of the full code test

Answer 26

• looks at all evidence
• ensures case is conclusive
• saves money when case is clear cut

Question 27

Negatives of the full code test

Answer 27

• focuses on the outcome rather then justice
• signifcant drop in raoe cases

Question 28

Limitation of the CPS

Answer 28

• large budget cuts of 25 - 30%
• digital technology has added heavily workloads e.g analysis of phones

Question 29

Case example of the failure of the CPS

Answer 29

Lord Janner - had child sex abuse allegations. Could not plea due to the fact that he had dementia and died before a trial could take place. AN investigation found that there were missed chances to prosecute him
Suggests the CPS fails to prosecute

Question 30

Charities and pressure groups

Answer 30

Princes trust - works with young people from disadvantages backgrounds by supporting them to build confidence and life skills

Question 31

How does the princes trust achieve social control?

Answer 31

Encourages young children to stay on track with their lives and not commit crime, making them conform.

Question 32

Limitation of charities and pressure groups

Answer 32

• cuts in funding from the government
• Rely on public donations, which may cause issues if the charity focuses on offenders rather then victims