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Crime and Punishment > AC1.2 Describe the organisation of the CJS in England & Wales > Flashcards

AC1.2 Describe the organisation of the CJS in England & Wales Flashcards

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1
Q

what is CJS made up of?

A
  1. law creation and administration
  2. law enforcement
  3. the courts
  4. punishment of convicted offenders
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2
Q

what are the main agencies involved in law creation and their roles?

A

a. parliament - passes acts
b. judges - create law by setting judicial precedents that other courts must then follow, and interpret the meaning of statutes

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3
Q

which two government departments oversee most of the justice system?

A

the ministry of justice
the Home Office

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4
Q

what is the role of the police in enforcing law?

A

responsible for enforcing the criminal law
investigate crime and collect evidence
arrest, detain and question suspects

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5
Q

what punishments are the police able to give to offenders?

A

minor cases - may issue caution or fixed penalty notice
in all other cases they will send the files to the CPS to decide whether to prosecute

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6
Q

briefly outline the 4 stages of work of the CPS in dealing with a case?

A
  1. advise police in their investigation - about lines of enquiry and what evidence is required to build a case
  2. assesses the evidence the police submit. decides whether to prosecute and what the charge will be
  3. its decisions are based on applying the full code test to the case
  4. prepares and presents the prosecution case in court
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7
Q

once a suspect is charged where do they appear?

A

the magistrates court

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8
Q

what happens when a defendant pleads guilty?

A

leads to a sentencing hearing

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9
Q

what happens when a defendant pleads not guilty?

A

leads to a trial being prepared

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10
Q

what offences are dealt with by the Crown Court?

A

serious offences which are triable by judge and jury

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11
Q

what does the prosecution present once a case goes to court?

A

arguments and evidence for and against defendant

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12
Q

who decides the verdict in a trial?

A

jury (in crown court) or magistrates

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13
Q

who decides the punishment in trial?

A

judge or magistrates

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14
Q

what is the role of HM Prison service in carrying out sentences?

A

supervises offenders in custody

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15
Q

what is the role of the National Probation service in carrying out sentences?

A

supervises offenders carrying out their sentence in the community

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16
Q

who other role do both HM Prison Service and the National Probation Service have in dealing with offences?

A

seek to rehabilitate offenders so that they can lead a crime-free life

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17
Q

prison

A

carries out the sentences given to the suspect
supervise offenders while in custody
aim to rehabilitate offenders to prepare them for release
work with other agencies (e.g. court/probation/police)

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18
Q

how many prisons are there in the UK?

A

122

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19
Q

National probation service

A

supervise offenders in the community
write pre-sentence reports to help the court decide the most appropriate sentence
assess offenders in prison
arrange housing accommodation for offenders
ensure offenders are complying to their license conditions

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20
Q

what does national probation service seek to do?

A

rehabilitate offenders

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21
Q

when was national probation service created?

A

2014

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22
Q

sentencing council

A

produce guidelines on sentencing of the judiciary and other working professionals

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23
Q

what factors do judges consider when passing sentences?

Study These Flashcards
A

repeat offender/ first time offender
plea bargain
circumstances/ seriousness of offence
risk to public
impact on victims
the guidelines

24
Q

what are the agencies of the CJS?

Study These Flashcards
A

parliament
judiciary
the police
CPS
HM Courts
HM Prisons
National Probation Service
The Sentencing council
Ministry of justice
Campaigns for change

25
parliament
they debate and vote on bills and pass acts (statute law)
26
judiciary
they create law by setting judicial precedents that other courts must then follow, and by interpreting the meaning of statutes
27
the police
they are responsible for enforcing the criminal law they investigate crimes, collect evidence, and arrest, detain and question suspects
28
CPS
they deal with about half a million cases a year they advise the police in their investigations and they prepare and present cases in court
29
HM Courts
once a suspect is charged, they are brought to the courts the defendant pleads guilty/not guilty, and pre-trial issues are debated defendant will either be sentenced/acquitted/have a trial date set
30
HM Prisons
they carry out the sentences given to offenders by the courts they supervise offenders whilst they are serving their sentence
31
what does the sentencing council ensure?
ensure that the punishment fits the crime and the sentences are consistent
32
ministry of justice
this government department oversees most of the justice system and they are responsible for its smooth running
33
campaigns for change
aim to bring about positive changes to the justice system i.e. ann-ming's campaign
34
what agencies do the police have relationships with?
the courts the CPS HM Prison and Probation services voluntary organisations
35
what is the polices relationship with the courts?
police can be used as expert witnesses to give evidence for prosecution provide protection for vulnerable witnesses hold defendants in cell and transport them to and from court
36
what is the polices relationship with the CPS?
get advice about crime cases inform the CPS of all evidence collected and charge offenders in line with the CPS instructions
37
what is the polices relationship with HM Prisons and Probation service?
police responsible for transporting and arresting prisoners who have breached the terms of their license police work with probation service and prisons to manage a list of child sex offenders in areas due to Sarah's law
38
what is the polices relationship with voluntary organisation?
refer victims and witnesses to victim support, women's refuges and witnesses services
39
what agencies do the CPS have relationships with?
the police the courts
40
what is the CPS relationship with the police?
advise the police of possible lines of enquiry and evidence collection to build up a case inform the police of charging instructions
41
what is the CPS relationship with the courts?
prepare and present the prosecutions case against the offender also prepare cases for appeals
42
what agencies do governmental departments have relationships with?
the courts/prisons/probation the police
43
what is the governmental departments relationship with the courts/prisons/probation?
the ministry of justice is responsible for monitoring and supporting the courts, prisons and probation responsible for funding these areas
44
what is the governmental departments relationship with the police?
the home office is the department responsible for the police their role is to set national policing priorities and funding
45
what agencies do HM Courts and Tribunal services have relationships with?
courts and judges HM Prison service
46
what is the HM Courts and Tribunal services relationship with courts and judges?
funding of individual courts supervising the efficient running of the courts system
47
what is the HM Courts and Tribunal services relationship with HM Prison service?
prison service hold prisoners attending court responsible for transporting offenders and arranging live interviews if necessary
48
what agencies do National Probation Service have relationships with?
HM Prison service and the parole board the courts
49
what is the National Probation Service relationship with HM Prison service and parole board?
they will liase with the prison to visit prisoners and supervise prisoners who have been released on parole
50
what is the National Probation Service relationship with the courts?
prepare pre-sentence reports supervise offenders who have been given a community order supervise drug testing under court orders
51
what agencies do the prison service have relationships with?
the courts the police national probation service voluntary organisations campaigns
52
what is the Prison Service relationship with the courts?
carry out custodial sentences supervise offenders who have been remanded in custody arrange visits from defence lawyers to clients
53
what is the Prison Service relationship with the police?
arrange meetings for ongoing investigations for prisoners and police
54
what is the Prison Service relationship with the national probation service?
liasing when a prisoner is going to be released from prison on a license
55
what is the Prison Service relationship with voluntary programmes?
victim support works closely with the police, courts and CPS to support victims throughout the stages of investigation to trial
56
what is the Prison Service relationship with campaigns?
many campaign groups work with the prison service to change the justice system for example, the Howard League for Penal Reform (1866)

Crime and Punishment (4 decks)

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