Ac1.2 (organisations Of Criminal Justice)

Question 1

Police and CPS - Gathering evidence

Answer 1

The police play a vital role in the initial stages of the criminal justice process. They are responsible for investigating crimes, gathering evidence, and making arrests. The quality and thoroughness of their work significantly influence the strength of cases brought before the CPS and the courts.

Question 2

Police and CPS- charging decisions

Answer 2

The CPS make decision as to whether the case will be prosecuted. If police provide enough evidence for the CPS to apply the Full Code Test, the CPS will decide what charges can be brought against the defendant. The police are then able to charge the offender in line with the instructions from the CPS who have the charging role. This stage of the process highlights the interdependence between the police and the CPS, emphasising the need for a cooperative relationship.

Question 3

Police and CPS- Review and decisions

Answer 3

The CPS evaluates the evidence provided by the police and decides whether to proceed with prosecution. This decision is communicated back to the police, influencing the progression of the case.

Question 4

Police and CPS- witness preparation

Answer 4

The police collaborate with the CPS in preparing witnesses for court appearances. This ensures that witnesses are ready to provide accurate and reliable testimony.

Question 5

Police and courts - evidence presentation

Answer 5

The police play a crucial role in presenting evidence during court proceedings. They provide the court with the information and materials collected during the investigation.

Question 6

Police and courts- charging suspects

Answer 6

The police will ensure a charged suspect is placed before the court where bail is refused. If bail is granted, the police will give a date to the defendant to attend the local magistrates’ court.

Question 7

Police and courts- maintaining courts

Answer 7

Courts rely on the police to maintain order and security during trials. Officers may be present in courtrooms to ensure safety and orderly environment.

Question 8

Police and courts- seeking

Answer 8

The police may attend court to seek search and arrest warrants.

Question 9

Police and prisons interviews

Answer 9

The prison may need to facilitate interviews for part of ongoing investigations e.g. Halliwell case.

Question 10

Police and prisons- escaped prisoners

Answer 10

The prison may work with the police to help search for escaped prisoners e.g. Wandsworth and Khalife

Question 11

Police and prisons- release procedures

Answer 11

The police may be involved in the release process when a prisoner completes their sentence or is granted parole. This includes coordinating with prison authorities and ensuring legal compliance. There will be a multi-agency meeting to ensure the public are protected, for example, MAPPA

Question 12

Police and prisons- change in law

Answer 12

After Sarah’s Law, the prisons and police worked together to form the child sex offenders register.

Question 13

Police and probation- information sharing

Answer 13

The police share relevant information about arrested individuals with probation officers. This information helps probation officers assess the individual’s background and the circumstances surrounding the arrest.

Question 14

Police and probation- supervision collaborators

Answer 14

In cases where individuals are placed on probation, the police and probation officers may collaborate to ensure compliance with the terms of probation. Regular communication helps monitor the individual’s behaviour and progress.

Question 15

Police and probation- risk assessment

Answer 15

Both the police and probation officers may be involved in assessing the risk posed by individuals on probation. This assessment guides decisions related to supervision intensity and public safety measures.

Question 16

Police and probation- violation response

Answer 16

If an individual on probation violates the terms of their supervision, the police and probation officers coordinate on the appropriate response. This may involve issuing warnings, modifying the probation terms, or, in severe cases, returning the individual to court.

Question 17

Courts and cps- prosecutors decision

Answer 17

The CPS is responsible for deciding whether there is enough evidence to bring a case to court. They will then prepare cases for court.

Question 18

Courts and cps- case presentation

Answer 18

The CPS presents the case in court on behalf of the prosecution. This involves outlining the evidence, legal arguments, and calling witnesses to support the charges.

Question 19

Courts and cps- disclosure of evidence

Answer 19

The CPS is responsible for disclosing all relevant evidence to the defence. Full and fair disclosure is crucial for ensuring a just trial and upholding the defendant’s rights.

Question 20

Courts and cps— court efficiency and case management

Answer 20

The CPS works with the court to ensure the efficient management of cases on the docket. This involves scheduling hearings, coordinating with legal teams, and addressing any procedural matters.

Question 21

Courts and prisons- inmate transport

Answer 21

The court may issue orders for the transportation of inmates between court hearings, prisons, and other facilities. Prisons coordinate with court authorities to ensure secure and orderly transfers.

Question 22

Courts and prisons- execution of sentences

Answer 22

Prisons play a crucial role in executing court-issued sentences of imprisonment. The judge sets the term of imprisonment, including the length, type and whether it is concurrent or consecutive.

Question 23

Courts and prisons- parole hearing

Answer 23

The court may hold parole hearings to determine if an inmate is eligible for release before completing their full sentence. Release decisions are made based on factors such as rehabilitation progress and risk assessment.

Question 24

Courts and prisons- court order programs

Answer 24

Courts may order specific rehabilitation or educational programs as part of an inmate’s sentence. Prisons facilitate the implementation of these programs to support the court’s intentions.

Question 25

Courts and probation- probation orders and reports

Answer 25

They may be called upon to prepare a report for court, especially if the court if considering imposing a probation order. Courts may issue probation orders as an alternative to imprisonment, particularly for less serious offenses.

Question 26

Courts and probation- court orders

Answer 26

Courts may mandate specific rehabilitation or educational programs as part of a probation order. Probation conditions, such as regular check-ins, drug testing, or counselling, are set by the court and monitored by probation officers.

Question 27

Courts and probation- court hearings and probation violations

Answer 27

If an individual on probation violates the terms, the court may hold hearings to address the violations. Probation officers present information to the court, and the court decides on the appropriate course of action, which may include modified conditions, extensions, or, in severe cases, imprisonment.

Question 28

Court and probation- court reviews

Answer 28

Courts may conduct reviews of individuals on probation to assess their progress. Probation officers provide updates to the court, allowing for ongoing evaluation and potential adjustments to the terms of supervision.

Question 29

Cps and probation- probation reports

Answer 29

The CPS may receive reports and recommendations from probation services during sentencing hearings. Probation officers provide insights into the offender's background, behaviour, and potential for rehabilitation. Probation insights may influence charging decisions and the pursuit of alternatives to prosecution.

Question 30

Cps and probation- prosecution

Answer 30

If an individual on probation violates the terms, the CPS may be involved in prosecuting the case. Legal proceedings may follow, and the court makes decisions based on the evidence presented.

Question 31

Cps and probation- negotiations for alternative and

Answer 31

The CPS and probation services may engage in negotiations for alternatives to traditional prosecution. This could include diversion programs or restorative justice initiatives.

Question 32

Cps and prisons- appeals

Answer 32

The CPS may handle appeals related to convictions or legal reviews that could impact an individual's prison sentence. Decisions made during these processes can influence the individual's incarceration.

Question 33

Cps and prisons- execution of custodial sentences

Answer 33

Prisons execute custodial sentences issued by the court as a result of CPS-led prosecutions.

Question 34

Prison and probation- inmate release

Answer 34

After serving a portion of their sentence in prison, some individuals may be released to probation. This transition involves collaboration between prison authorities and probation services.

Question 35

Prison and probation- probation conditions

Answer 35

Probation officers set conditions for individuals transitioning from prison to probation. Prisons collaborate with probation services to provide relevant information and ensure a smooth transition.

Question 36

Prison and probation- paroles hearing

Answer 36

Prisons may be involved in parole hearings, providing input on an individual's behaviour and progress during incarceration. Release decisions made by parole boards may impact the transition to probation.

Question 37

Prison and probation- program continuation

Answer 37

Individuals transitioning from prison to probation may continue rehabilitation programs initiated during incarceration. This continuity contributes to ongoing efforts for behavioural change and reducing recidivism.