AC1.2 Social Construction Of Criminality

Question 1

Culture homosexuality where is it illegal and legal

Answer 1

It’s illegal for male homosexuality in 70 countries in fours five countries lesbian relationships are legal many use capital punishment Africa Asia illegal in many Muslim countries liket Pakistan
Legal in Russia but ban on promoting it legal in UK America and Indonesia

Question 2

Culture homosexuality reasons why it’s illegal/legal

Answer 2

Religions like Christianity and Muslims condemn homosexuality if countries religion has strong influence over laws more likely to be a crime holy books say it is a sin
Sexism male homosexuality is illegal in more countries than female homosexuality says females are less likely to be capable of same sex attraction

Question 3

Culture polygamy where is it legal and illegal

Answer 3

Having more than one husband is polyandry
Illegal in most countries like UK you will be committing bigamy you can go to present for seven years receive a fine or both
Legal in Sri Lanka and occurs in societies like the Himalayas

Question 4

Culture polygamy reasons why it’s illegal

Answer 4

Different norms and values it’s useful in the Himalayas as the acts as birth control as less women have husbands last get pregnant you can only get pregnant by one husband land and money doesn’t need to get a split between brothers
Religion banned in western countries as the Bible condemns it

Question 5

Culture adultery where is the illegal and legal

Answer 5

Being unfaithful to your partner
Illegal in Africa and some American states like Florida and Indonesia punish using a cane
Legal and UK maybe CNS deviant the state refuses to become involved in individuals private relationships legalized in India in 2018

Question 6

Culture adultery reasons why it’s illegal

Answer 6

Religion it’s frowned upon in countries where religion has a strong influence on laws my push for the law to be made Christianity sees it as a sin
Public opinion public’s opinion is seen as a deviant art anyway might want that spouse to be punished so the less likely to cheat

Question 7

Time homosexuality changes over time

Answer 7

Before 1996 it was illegal
2013 same sex marriage act
2000 age of consent equalized with heterosexuals 16

Question 8

Time homosexuality reasons for change

Answer 8

1.Campaigns like stonewall campaign to change the law influence change of homosexual age of consent to 16 same as heterosexuals
2. Politicians Ray Jenkins supported campaigns for homosexuality
3.Human rights equal rights for everyone led to changes for homosexuals believed everyone has the right to freedom

Question 9

Time double jeopardy changes over time

Answer 9

Before 2003 people could be punished twice for the same offense
2003 criminal justice act
2005 abolished double jeopardy rule allowed retrials if there was new evidence

Question 10

Time double jeopardy reasons

Answer 10

1. Human rights allowed police and prosecutors to get the justice they deserve every time new evidence is found
2. Campaigns and ming wrote the home secretary to review the law basis Julie Hogg her daughter was murdered and the offender was caught bragging about it but couldn’t be retrials
3. Individuals the Stephen Lawrence murder had a botched investigation it was a racial attack by a retired offender

Question 11

Capital punishment time changes over time

Answer 11

Before 1965 death penalties were legalized as a sector for all crimes
1998 death penalties fully abolished

Question 12

Capital punishment time reasons why change

Answer 12

1. Human rights everyone has the right to live right to freedom from torture or inhumane or degrading treatment
2. Landmarks events/cases wrongful convictions were common wrong people killed for a crime they didn’t do executing innocent people
3. Change an attitude people weren’t feeling justice for the victims as the punishment didn’t fit the crime can discriminate against certain groups of people

Question 13

Place differential enforcement of the law definition and example

Answer 13

How people get treated differently in the law laws are enforced differently due to different circumstances moral panic the media courses panic which leads to harsher punishments for younger people as a deterrent to crime
2011 riots usually harsh sentences aimed at making an example of the folk devils so people got harsher sentences then usual

Question 14

Age of criminal responsibility definition and example

Answer 14

The legal minimum age that someone can be punished by the law for a crime due to their understanding of the law
England and Wales it’s 10
Bangladesh is 9

Question 15

Age of criminal responsibility how are youth punished in the UK

Answer 15

Custodial sentences secure children’s home security training Lisa detention and training centers and young offenders institutes
Between 12 and 17 if sentenced in the youth court leads to detention and training order four months to two years

Question 16

Place homicide what is the homicide act

Answer 16

Contains three special defences for murder when the defendant can plead not guilty despite having killed someone

Question 17

Place homicide diminished responsibility

Answer 17

If people are clinically insane so pleaded not guilty of murder due to things like schizophrenia reduces him from understanding his actions so get manslaughter which is reduced sentence

Question 18

Homicide loss of control

Answer 18

A trigger for the offence such as stress would normal people also do this self-defense reduces sentences to slaughter

Question 19

Homicide automatism

Answer 19

You didn’t commit the crime voluntary like reflexes if you sneeze and lose control of a car and crash