AC3.1

Question 1

Police philosophy

Answer 1

Prevent crime and disorder
Ability to perform duties relies on public cooperation
Physical force is a last resort
Impartially serve law
Citizens in uniform

Question 2

Police aims and objectives

Answer 2

Keep and maintain peace and order
Protect lives and property
Prevent, detect, and investigate crime
Bring offenders to justice

Question 3

Police funding

Answer 3

2/3 central government
Most of the rest from local council tax
Charging for services
Budget cuts, 2021 budget was £15.2 billion

Question 4

Police working practices (national/local reach)

Answer 4

39 regional police forces in England & 4 in Wales, one for Scotland, same for Northern Ireland. Also specialist organisations with wider reach ie.boarder force

Question 5

Police working practices (types of offender and criminality)

Answer 5

All types of offenders but specialist forces deal with certain types of crime ie. HM revenue and customs deal with tax evasion

Question 6

Police working practices (police duties)

Answer 6

Patrolling, working with local community, responding to crime investigations dept, securing crime scenes, gathering evidence & arresting offenders

Question 7

Police specialist policing

Answer 7

Unarmed policing- police are largely unarmed, force is a last resort, specialist forces are armed
Special constables- unpaid, part time volunteers, same training & legal powers as paid officers
Police community support officers- limited powers, deal with anti social behaviour, issued fixed penalty notices for littering or confiscating alcohol from underage drinkers
Police & crime commissioners- elected representatives of the people of the area

Question 8

CPS role

Answer 8

Oversee prosecution of serious and complex cases
Advise police about lines of inquiry & evidence needed
Independently assesses evidence which is submitted & reviews cases
Decide if prosecution is necessary & what charges
Prepares and presents case in court
Assists informs and supports victims & witnesses

Question 9

CPS Values

Answer 9

Independence and fairness
Honesty and openness
Treating everyone with respect
Behaving professionally & striving for excellence
Equality and inclusion

Question 10

CPS funding

Answer 10

Government budget around 1/2 billion pounds per year
Recover some costs when courts award costs against defendants
2018 budget fallen by 25%

Question 11

CPS working practices

Answer 11

Types of criminality: except for minor offences they deal with a full range of offences
National & local reach: 14 regional teams prosecuting local cases

Question 12

Judiciary aims and objectives

Answer 12

Upholding law and ensuring justice
Ensure all citizens have access to fair courts and impartial courts
Protect human rights
Interoperate laws

Question 13

Judiciary funding

Answer 13

Based on advice of senior salaries review body
2020 judges received £112,000
Lawyers disincentivised to become judge due to pay differences

Question 14

Judiciary philosophy

Answer 14

6 principles:
Judicial independence
Impartiality
Integrity
Proprietary
Ensuring equal treatment
Competence
Two oaths:
Oath of allegiance
Judicial oath

Question 15

Judiciary working practices types of criminality

Answer 15

Either way offences or indictable offences
Also hears appeals

Question 16

Judiciary working practices national/local reach

Answer 16

Supreme Court has nationwide jurisdiction
Lower courts have local jurisdiction

Question 17

Probation aims and objectives

Answer 17

Protect society by rehabilitating offenders and tackling the cause of offending
1.offenders serving a sentence in a community
2.offenders who have been released on licence from prison
Partnerships- courts police and local councils

Question 18

Probation philosophy

Answer 18

Offenders can change for the better and become responsible members of society
Belief in the worth of an individual
Commitment to social justice social inclusion and diversity

Question 19

Probation funding

Answer 19

Funded by government and come from general taxation

Question 20

Probation working practices

Answer 20

Types of criminality: 250,000 offenders are on probation as they’re deemed safe enough to work in a community
National & local reach: work to the same standards across the country

Question 21

Probation

Answer 21

Preparing pre sentencing reports
Managing approved premises for offenders with residency requirements
Assesses prisoners to prepare them for their re release on lincence
Help offenders reach the requirements of the community service

Question 22

Prison philosophy

Answer 22

Preventing victims by changing the lives of offenders

Question 23

Prison aims and objectives

Answer 23

Protect the public from harm
Help people who have been convicted to rehabilitate so they can contribute to society
Hold prisoners securely and implement the sentences of orders of the courts

Question 24

Prison funding

Answer 24

Paid by government out of taxation
2018 budget was £3m
Average cost of keeping a prisoner- £41,136 per year

Question 25

Prison working practices

Answer 25

Types of criminality- deals with higher risk offenders who are deemed unsuitable to serve their sentence in the community, severity changes from murder to theft National and local reach- nationally organised, when sentenced offenders are sent to a local prison

Question 26

Prison

Answer 26

If escapes are attempted offenders must wear handcuffs and a bright yellow suit when being moved. Prisons have been criticised for their lack of opportunities for education Prisons have incentives and earned privileges

Question 27

Charities and pressure groups

Answer 27

Nacro Prison reform trust

Question 28

Nacro philosophy & aims and objectives

Answer 28

Housing- houses over 3000 tenants in its own properties and it also provides bail accommodation and support services. In 2018, over 2600 people left custody with secure permanent accommodation Education- in 2018, 4900 people studied through Nacro’s education services. Resettlement advice- provides support and advice about employment, education and accommodation to people with criminal records Outreach projects- to keep young people from offending

Question 29

Nacro campaigns

Answer 29

Friday release- people being released on Friday have to rush to reach support before services shut, setting people up to fail, fight to stop Friday releases

Question 30

Nacro funding

Answer 30

income of £50m a year. Its funding comes from public donations, government grants, and contracts for providing services for ex-offenders and others.

Question 31

Nacro working practices

Answer 31

• Types of criminality and offender: Nacro works with a range of ex-offenders, including those released from prison. It also works with young people at risk of offending, such as those excluded from mainstream school. More broadly, it is concerned with the needs of disadvantaged young people and adults. • National/ local reach: Nacro is a national organisation with local activities and projects in around 50 different parts of England and Wales at any one time. It has a large full-time staff and many unpaid volunteers.

Question 32

Prison reform trust aims and objectives

Answer 32

Aim: improve prison regimes and conditions, defend and promote prisoners’ human rights, address the needs of prisoners’ families, and promote alternatives to custody Objectives: 1. reducing unnecessary imprisonment and promoting community solutions to crime. 2. improving treatment and conditions for prisoners and their families; and 3. promoting equality and human rights in the justice system.

Question 33

Prison reform trust funding

Answer 33

receives no funding from any government and its entirely dependent on voluntary donations to carry out its work

Question 34

Prison reform trust working practices

Answer 34

1. Research 2. Advice 3. National and local reach

Question 35

Prison reform trust campaigns

Answer 35

Out of trouble- Aim: reduce number of children and young people in prison

Question 36

Howard league for prison reform

Answer 36

aims for less crime, safer communities, fewer people in prison and to transform prison behind bars. It is entirely funded by donations and subscriptions, independent from the government. It works with parliament, the media, agencie of the justice system and members of the public