Accommodative Dysfunction

Question 1

It is also called as “accommodative inertia”

Answer 1

Accommodative Infacility

Question 2

It can be caused by the use of cycloplegic drugs or by trauma
ocular or systemic disease, toxicity or poisoning.

Answer 2

Paralysis of Accommodation

Question 3

A rare condition in which the accommodative system fails to

respond to any stimulus.

Answer 3

Paralysis of Accommodation

Question 4

It is sometimes part of a triad known as spasm of near reflex (SNR).

Answer 4

Spasm of Accommodation

Question 5

A patient often reports blurred distance vision immediately following sustained near work.

Answer 5

Accommodative Infacility

Question 6

A condition in which the AA is normal, but fatigue occurs with repeated accommodative stimulation.

Answer 6

Ill-Sustained Accommodation

Question 7

The AA is lower than the expected AA for the patient’s age

Answer 7

Accommodative Insufficiency

Question 8

Not due to the sclerosis of the crystalline lens

Answer 8

Accommodative Insufficiency

Question 9

Deficiencies in negative relative accommodation (NRA)

Answer 9

Convergence Insufficiency

Question 10

Can be described as exophoria or exotropia at near

Answer 10

Convergence Insufficiency

Question 11

Can be described as exophoria or exotropia at far

Answer 11

Convergence Excess

Question 12

A patient has a deviation of similar magnitude at both distance and near

Answer 12

Basic Exophoria

Question 13

Can be described as esophoria or esotropia at near greater

than the far deviation by at least 10 prism diopters (PD).

Answer 13

Convergence Excess

Question 14

A patient with tonic esophoria

is high when measured at distance but less at near.

Answer 14

Divergence Insufficiency

Question 15

Patients often have normal phorias and AC/A ratios but reduced fusional vergence amplitudes.

Answer 15

Fusional Vergence Dysfunction

Question 16

Has different phorias in far and near.

Answer 16

Mixed Phoria

Question 17

These patients demonstrate a hyperphoria in primary gaze that is initially
greatest during depression and adduction of the affected eye.

Answer 17

Vertical Heterophorias

Question 18

If the difference between the distance and near esophoria is below 10 PD.

Answer 18

Basic Esophoria

Question 19

A similar degree of esophoria at near and a normal AC/A ratio.

Answer 19

Basic Esophoria

Question 20

Their zone of clear, single binocular vision (CSBV) is small.

Answer 20

Fusional Vergence Dysfunction

Question 21

One of he most common causes of newly acquired vertical diplopia or
asthenopia with vertical deviation is longstanding, decompensated, fourth
nerve palsy, which results in superior oblique paresis.

Answer 21

Vertical Heterophorias

Question 22

Can be described as esophoria or esotropia at near greater

than the far deviation by at least 10 prism diopters (PD).

Answer 22

Convergence Excess

Question 23

This is an example of:
D 2 exo
N 2 exo

Answer 23

Basic Esophoria

Question 24

Reduced positive fusional convergence (PFC)

Answer 24

Convergence Insufficiency

Question 25

This condition may also result from other causes, such as the use of
either systemic or topical cholinergic drugs, trauma, brain tumor, or
myasthenia gravis.

Answer 25

Spasm of Accommodation