Accounting Flashcards
(27 cards)
What must be true for something to appear on the income statement?
1) Must correspond to the period shown on the income statement
2) Must affect the companies taxes (i.e., be tax deductible)
Four main sections of income statement
1) Revenue and COGS
2) Operating expenses
3) Other Income and Expenses
4) Taxes and Net Income
What never appears on an income statement?
Capital Expenditures
Purchasing or Selling Investments and PP&E
Dividends
Issuing or repaying debt principal
Changes to Balance Sheet Items (i.e., cash, debt, accounts receivable, accounts payable)
What is an asset?
An item that will result in, directly or indirectly, additional cash in the future
What is a liability?
An item that will result in, directly or indirectly, less cash in the future
How is deferred revenue recorded on the balance sheet?
It is a liability
Sections of Cash Flow Statement
1) Cash Flow from Operations (roughly current assets and current liabilities)
2) Cash Flow from Investing (roughly long term assets)
3) Cash Flow from Financing (roughly long term liabilities and equity)
Gains or Losses on Asset Sale on Cash Flow Statement
come back to this later
How to link financial statements together?
1) Net income from bottom of income statement is the top of the Cash Flow Statement
2) Add back in non-cash expenses from the income statement
3) Reflect changes in operational balance sheet items (if asset goes up then cash flow goes down, if a liability goes up then cash flow goes up)
4) Reflect purchases and Sales of Investments and PP&E in Cash Flow from Investing
5) Reflect dividends, debt issued or repurchased, and shares issued or repurchased in Cash Flow from Financing
6) Calculate the net change in cash at the bottom of cash flow and then link this into cash at the top of next periods balance sheet
7) update the balance sheet to reflect changes in cash, debt equity, investments, PP&E, and anything else that comes from cash flow statement
If a true cash item changes on the income statement
Pre-Tax Income and Net Income change; Cash and Retained Earnings also change
If a non-cash items changes on the income statement
Pre-Tax Income and Net Income change, but you also add or subtract the charge on the cash flow statement
Cash and retained earnings will change, but something else on the balance sheet will also change
What happens if accounts receivable goes up
Cash will go down (increase * tax rate)
Net Income goes up (A/R increase * (1-tax rate)
Assets go up by (A/R increase * (1-tax rate)
Liabilities go up
If prepaid expenses go up
Cash goes down by that amount
If prepaid expenses go down
Cash goes up (Decrease * tax rate)
Assets goes down (Decrease * (1-tax rate))
Liabilities (shareholder equity) go down (Decrease *(1-tax rate))
If inventory goes down
Revenue usually goes up (ask to confirm)
Inventory goes down
COGS go up
Cash goes up (decrease * tax rate)
Retained earnings go down (decrease * (1-tax rate))
When accrued expenses go up
Cash goes up (increase * tax rate)
Net Income decreases by (increase * (1-tax rate)
Accrued Expenses Increases (increase)
Owners Equity decreases (increase * (1-tax rate)
When accounts payable goes up
Cash goes up (increase * tax rate)
Net Income down by (Increase * (1-tax rate))
Shareholder equity goes down by (increase * (1-tax rate))
Accounts payable increases by increase
Owners Equity decreases (increase * (1-tax rate))
When deferred revenue goes down
Net income goes up (decrease * (1-tax rate))
Cash goes down (decrease * tax rate)
Shareholders equity goes up (decrease * (1-tax rate))
Deferred Revenue decreases by decrease
Shareholders equity increases by (1*(1-tax rate))
When non-operational balance sheet items change
Cash and the corresponding balance sheet item change
Where does depreciation go on the income statement?
It can be in COGS or in Operating Expenses, but it doesn’t really matter where you put it
Why is the income statement not effected by inventory purchases
It is only recorded when the revenue associated with it is recorded
What does non-controlling interest mean on the liabilities side of a balance sheet?
This is when you own over 50% but less than 100% of a company–this line item refers to the portion you DO NOT own
What does investments in equity interest mean on the asset side of a balance sheet?
This is when you own over 20% but less than 50% of another company. This line item refers to the portion you DO OWN
When would shareholder equity be negative?
1) In an LBO with dividend recapitalization and the owner has taken out a large portion of its equity
2) If the company has consistently lost money and has a declining retained earnings balance
