Accuracy of eyewitness testimony: Misleading information

Question 1

What is an eyewitness testimony?

Answer 1

The evidence provided in court by someone who witnessed the crime

Question 2

What are the 2 examples of misleading information?

Answer 2

Post-event discussion and leading questions

Question 3

What is misleading information?

Answer 3

Information that may lead to an alteration of the eyewitnesses memory

Question 4

What are leading questions?

Answer 4

Questions that suggest to the eyewitness what answer is desired

Question 5

Who conducted a study on leading questions?

Answer 5

Loftus and Palmer

Question 6

How many participants were in Loftus and Palmer’s study?

Answer 6

45

Question 7

What videos were Loftus and Palmer’s participants shown?

Answer 7

Traffic accidents

Question 8

What were Loftus and Palmer’s participants given after watching the videos?

Answer 8

A questionare

Question 9

What was the critical question in Loftus and Palmer’s study?

Answer 9

How fast were the cars going when they [verb] each other?

Question 10

What are the 5 verbs in Loftus and Palmer’s study?

Answer 10

Contacted, hit, bumped, collided and smashed

Question 11

In Loftus and Palmer’s study, what was the estimated speed when the verb ‘contacted’ was used?

Answer 11

31.8

Question 12

In Loftus and Palmer’s study, what was the estimated speed when the verb ‘smashed’ was used?

Answer 12

40.8

Question 13

In Loftus and Palmer’s secondary study, what question was asked?

Answer 13

Did you see any broken glass?

Question 14

What was found in Loftus and Palmer’s secondary study?

Answer 14

When a violent verb was used, participants were more likely to say they saw broken glass

Question 15

What is post-event discussion?

Answer 15

When a conversation with an eyewitness contaminates their memory of the crime

Question 16

What did Gabbert study?

Answer 16

Post-event discussion

Question 17

Outline the procedure of Gabbert’s study.

Answer 17

Participants were placed into pairs, watched a video clip separately, and then either recalled what they each saw or discussed it first

Question 18

What did Gabbert find?

Answer 18

71% who discussed the event before recalling went on to incorrectly recall

Question 19

What are the 4 AO3 points of the effect of misleading information the accuracy of EWT?

Answer 19

1) Supporting evidence
2) RWA
3) Individual differences
4) Methodological issues

Question 20

Whose study provides support for misleading information?

Answer 20

Loftus’

Question 21

In the Disneyland study, what were participants asked to do?

Answer 21

Evaluate advertising material about Disneyland containing misleading information about Bugs Bunny

Question 22

In the Disneyland study, who were the participants?

Answer 22

College students who visited Disneyland as a child

Question 23

In the Disneyland study, what was the misleading information?

Answer 23

Buggs bunny isn’t a Disney character

Question 24

In the Disneyland study, what did Loftus find?

Answer 24

Participants who had evaluated the misleading advertisement were more likely to report that they had met Bugs Bunny at Disneyland as a child than a control group

Question 25

What does research into the effect of misleading information on accuracy of EWT have RWA to?

Answer 25

The criminal justice system

Question 26

How has research into the effect of misleading information on accuracy of EWT highlighted issues with the criminal justice system?

Answer 26

The inaccuracy of EWT has led to questions as to whether EWT should be used to convict criminals

Question 27

What percentage of wrongful convictions are due to incorrect EWTs?

Answer 27

70%

Question 28

The development of which technique has led to questions over the use of EWT?

Answer 28

DNA exoneration

Question 29

Which 2 sources does an eyewitness gather information from?

Answer 29

A direct observation of the event and from misleading information

Question 30

Which type of people have difficulty remembering the source of information?

Answer 30

Elderly people

Question 31

Why are elderly people more prone to misleading information?

Answer 31

As they are less confident in their own memory

Question 32

How does Loftus and Palmer’s study lack ecological validity?

Answer 32

It is not representative of real life, as participants didn’t experience the same amount of emotional arousal that they would in a real life situation

Question 33

What may Loftus and Palmer’s participants have responded to?

Answer 33

Demand characteristics