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Chemical Biology Ni Ma'am E > Acid and Bases > Flashcards

Acid and Bases Flashcards

1
Q

taste sour

A

acids

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2
Q

taste bitter

A

bases

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3
Q

turns litmus paper red

A

acids

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4
Q

turns litmus paper blue

A

bases

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5
Q

do not react with metals

A

bases

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6
Q

react with metals to produce H2 gas

A

acids

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7
Q

give off smaller amounts of H+

A

weak acid

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8
Q

give off lots of OH-1

A

Strong base

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9
Q

give off lots of H+

A

Strong acid

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10
Q

give off smaller amounts of OH-1

A

Weak base

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11
Q

tells us the acidity or basicity of a solution

A

pH

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12
Q

0 to 7 pH level

A

Acid

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13
Q

7 to 14

A

Bases

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14
Q

reaction in which acid and base react to neutralize one another

A

Neutralization reaction

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15
Q

any ionic compound formed as a by-product of an acid-base reaction

A

Salt

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16
Q

allows you to calculate the concentration of an unknown acid or base

A

Acid-base Titration

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17
Q

lab technique which allows you to get moles of acid and base exactly equal to another

A

Acid-base Titration

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18
Q

the substance of known concentration used to determine the unknown concentration of other substance

A

Titrant

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19
Q

substance that changes color at a certain pH- is added to tell us when the neutralization is complete

A

Indicator

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20
Q

undergoes a color change between pH 8 and 10

A

Phenolphthalein

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21
Q

pH at which amount of acid= amount of base

A

Equivalence point

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22
Q

point at which the volume of titrant added makes the amount of acid and base are equal and the indicator changes color

A

End point

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23
Q

are assumed to dissociate completely when in aqueous solution

A

Strong acid

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24
Q

dissociate only slightly in aqueous solution

A

Weak acid

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25
Q

pH of 7.45

A

Arterial blood

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26
Q

pH of 7.35

A

Venous blood

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27
Q

normal pH of body fluids

A

7.4

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28
Q

condition at which there is too much acid in the body fluids. It is the opposite of alkalosis. It is when the blood pH falls below 7.35.

A

Acidosis

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29
Q

this is when we are not able to extract enough carbon dioxide in our body

A

respiratory acidosis

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30
Q

there is too much acid produced in our body

A

metabolic acidosis

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31
Q

pH rises to above 7.45-7.60

A

Alkalosis

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32
Q

body fluids and blood have an overproduction of bases or alkali which can make you sick

A

Alkalosis

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33
Q

what is the consequence of fluctuations in [H+]

A

changes in the excitability of nerve and muscle cells, influence enzyme activity, and influence potassium levels in the body.

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34
Q

what are enzymes made of?

A

enzymes are protein molecules, and so are made of amino acids.

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35
Q

what is alkaline water?

A

alkaline water is drinkable water that has a pH between 8-9

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36
Q

beneficial effect of alkaline water

A

reduction of the lactate concentration and accelerating the muscle fatigue recovery process

37
Q

it is an atom with a charge on it

A

ion

38
Q

acid with acidity greater than pure sulfuric acid

A

superacid

39
Q

strongest acid

A

fluoroantimonic

40
Q

mixture of whose pH changes very little when a small amount of strong acid or base is added to it.

A

buffer

41
Q

an aqueous solution consisting of a mixture of a weak acid and its conjugate base or a weak base and its conjugate acid

A

Buffer solution

42
Q

it manages the acid and base imbalances produced by both normal and abnormal physiology

A

Carbonic acid- Bicarbonate buffer system

43
Q

helps maintain acidity in and around the cells

A

Protein buffer system

44
Q

helps maintain normal pH of the human body

A

Hemoglobin buffer system

45
Q

maintains the intracellular pH

A

Phosphate buffer system

46
Q

breathing that is too shallow or too slow to meet the needs of the body.

A

Hypoventilation

47
Q

acidosis in body causes

A

poor health, chronic illness, cancer, osteoporosis, arthritis, blocked lymph nodes, inadequate perspiring

48
Q

critical condition that occurs when water products linked with impaired kidney function accumulate in the bloodstream

A

Uremic acidosis

49
Q

causes difficulties with the bones, muscles, heart, and blood vessels

A

Calcification

50
Q

urine in the blood

A

Uremia

51
Q

the reaction between different compounds in solution to form soluble solid reaction products

A

Precipitation

52
Q

based on the difference in particle size and on the boiling point of the substances in the mixture.

A

Physical separation methods

53
Q

common example is separation of food grains from unwanted impurities like small stones or soil lumps by hand picking

A

Shape and Size

54
Q

achieved by sieving using different mesh screens

A

Finer separation

55
Q

number of separations can be carried out such as dry pigment granules by hand picking of differently coloured grains

A

Color

56
Q

suspended solids or precipitates in the solution are removed using filter papers secured in glass funnels.

A

Filtration

57
Q

faster and convenient approach for removal of solid suspensions in comparison to classical filtration methods

A

Centrifuging

58
Q

dissolved solids can be removed from solutions by simply allowing the solution to evaporate or heating in a beaker. The solvent evaporates or boils off leaving behind a solid residue

A

Evaporation

59
Q

separation of one or more liquids in a homogeneous mixture on the basis of differences in their boiling points.

A

Distillation

60
Q

a material changes phase from solid directly to a gas without melting to a liquid. Dry ice or solid carbon dioxide is a common example that changes to gaseous carbon dioxide at room temperature without liquefaction.

A

Sublimation

61
Q

passing the mixture of charged species in a liquid which retains oppositely charged ions and permits the ions bearing the same charge to pass through. It is used extensively in water purification

A

Ion-exchange

62
Q

isolate a mixture of liquids having different miscibilities by shaking them in a separation funnel. The technique is also useful in isolating dissolved solids species having different solubilities in the selected solvents

A

Solvent extraction

63
Q

allowing the solution to cool gradually to room temperature after seeding the solution with a crystal of the pure compound

A

Crystallization

64
Q

produces insoluble products resulting from the reaction between a metal and a complexing agent.

A

Complex formation

65
Q
  • important biophysical technique that enables the
    separation, identification, and purification of the
    compounds of a mixture for qualitative and
    quantitative analysis.
A

Chromatography

66
Q

an immobilized species that
interacts chemically or physically with the
molecules you wish to separate.

A

Stationary phase

67
Q

solvent or buffer system that carries
the molecules you wish to separate through the
column in a manner that allows the molecules to
encounter the stationary phase.

A

Mobile phase

68
Q

a specific chemical component of the
mobile phase that causes the target molecules to
elute from the column.

A

Eluent

69
Q

the target molecule that you wish to
separate from impurities

A

analyte

70
Q

the combined mixture of analytes and impurities

A

matrix

71
Q

measured relative to the time of
an analyte injection onto the stationary phase

A

Retention Time

72
Q

measured relative to the
amount of mobile phase.

A

Retention Volume

73
Q

used to separate the components of a mixture using a column of suitable adsorbent packed in a glass tube.

A

Column Chromatography

74
Q

continuous differential partitioning of components of a mixture into a stationary phase and mobile phase takes place.

A

Partition Chromatography

75
Q

used for the purification of enzymes, hormones, antibodies, nucleic acids, and specific proteins

A

Affinity Chromatography

76
Q

Based on electrostatic interactions between charged protein groups, and solid support material (matrix)

A

Ion exchange Chromatography

77
Q

Positively charged ion- exchange matrices

A

Anion-exchange matrices

78
Q

matrices bound with negatively charged groups

A

cation-exchange matrices

79
Q

the stationary phase is a column that is placed in the device and contains a liquid stationary phase which is adsorbed on to the surface of an inert solid.

A

Gas Chromatography

80
Q

use of small particles, and application of high pressure on the rate of solvent flow increases the separation power, of HPLC and the analysis is completed within a short time

A

High-pressure liquid chromatography

81
Q

are more effective in the
separation of macromolecules as nucleic acids, and proteins

A

Affinity chromatographies

82
Q

used in the
separation of proteins, and in studies related to
protein synthesis; gas-liquid chromatography is
utilized in the separation of alcohol, esther, lipid, and amino groups, and observation of
enzymatic interactions

A

Paper Chromatography

83
Q

applied for gases, and
mixtures of volatile liquids, and solid material.

A

Gas Chromatography

84
Q

the ratio of distance traveled by the analyte to that
of the solvent front on a chromatogram.

A

Retardation or retention factor value

85
Q

the characteristic identification
value for analytes at given temperatures.It
means that compounds can be analyzed and
identified based on their Rf values

A

Rf value

86
Q

first to be developed with a
suitable solvent (mobile phase), depending
upon the nature of analytes, and the stationary
phases

A

Chromatogram

87
Q

affects the rate of mobile action
of solvent and also the solubilities of analytes
in the solvent.

A

Temperature

88
Q

Why do we need Rf Values?

A

Rf values in chromatography are the basic requirement of the whole experiment.  These values tell us whether the analyte(solute)is more affinitive with stationary or the mobile phase.  Rf values evaluate the polarity, relative masses, and relative solubilities with stationary and mobile phases, etc.

89
Q

Is Chromatography paper Polar?

A

The compound acting as the stationary phase is the adsorbed water on cellulose fibers which is
a polar compound. So, the chromatographic paper in column chromatography is polar. This is also the reason why it is called liquid-liquid chromatography.

Chemical Biology Ni Ma'am E (1 decks)

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