Acid and Bases Flashcards
(89 cards)
1
Q
taste sour
A
acids
2
Q
taste bitter
A
bases
3
Q
turns litmus paper red
A
acids
4
Q
turns litmus paper blue
A
bases
5
Q
do not react with metals
A
bases
6
Q
react with metals to produce H2 gas
A
acids
7
Q
give off smaller amounts of H+
A
weak acid
8
Q
give off lots of OH-1
A
Strong base
9
Q
give off lots of H+
A
Strong acid
10
Q
give off smaller amounts of OH-1
A
Weak base
11
Q
tells us the acidity or basicity of a solution
A
pH
12
Q
0 to 7 pH level
A
Acid
13
Q
7 to 14
A
Bases
14
Q
reaction in which acid and base react to neutralize one another
A
Neutralization reaction
15
Q
any ionic compound formed as a by-product of an acid-base reaction
A
Salt
16
Q
allows you to calculate the concentration of an unknown acid or base
A
Acid-base Titration
17
Q
lab technique which allows you to get moles of acid and base exactly equal to another
A
Acid-base Titration
18
Q
the substance of known concentration used to determine the unknown concentration of other substance
A
Titrant
19
Q
substance that changes color at a certain pH- is added to tell us when the neutralization is complete
A
Indicator
20
Q
undergoes a color change between pH 8 and 10
A
Phenolphthalein
21
Q
pH at which amount of acid= amount of base
A
Equivalence point
22
Q
point at which the volume of titrant added makes the amount of acid and base are equal and the indicator changes color
A
End point
23
Q
are assumed to dissociate completely when in aqueous solution
A
Strong acid
24
Q
dissociate only slightly in aqueous solution
A
Weak acid
25
pH of 7.45
Arterial blood
26
pH of 7.35
Venous blood
27
normal pH of body fluids
7.4
28
condition at which there is too much acid in the body fluids. It is the opposite of alkalosis. It is when the blood pH falls below 7.35.
Acidosis
29
this is when we are not able to extract enough carbon dioxide in our body
respiratory acidosis
30
there is too much acid produced in our body
metabolic acidosis
31
pH rises to above 7.45-7.60
Alkalosis
32
body fluids and blood have an overproduction of bases or alkali which can make you sick
Alkalosis
33
what is the consequence of fluctuations in [H+]
changes in the excitability of nerve and muscle cells, influence enzyme activity, and influence potassium levels in the body.
34
what are enzymes made of?
enzymes are protein molecules, and so are made of amino acids.
35
what is alkaline water?
alkaline water is drinkable water that has a pH between 8-9
36
beneficial effect of alkaline water
reduction of the lactate concentration and accelerating the muscle fatigue recovery process
37
it is an atom with a charge on it
ion
38
acid with acidity greater than pure sulfuric acid
superacid
39
strongest acid
fluoroantimonic
40
mixture of whose pH changes very little when a small amount of strong acid or base is added to it.
buffer
41
an aqueous solution consisting of a mixture of a weak acid and its conjugate base or a weak base and its conjugate acid
Buffer solution
42
it manages the acid and base imbalances produced by both normal and abnormal physiology
Carbonic acid- Bicarbonate buffer system
43
helps maintain acidity in and around the cells
Protein buffer system
44
helps maintain normal pH of the human body
Hemoglobin buffer system
45
maintains the intracellular pH
Phosphate buffer system
46
breathing that is too shallow or too slow to meet the needs of the body.
Hypoventilation
47
acidosis in body causes
poor health, chronic illness, cancer, osteoporosis, arthritis, blocked lymph nodes, inadequate perspiring
48
critical condition that occurs when water products linked with impaired kidney function accumulate in the bloodstream
Uremic acidosis
49
causes difficulties with the bones, muscles, heart, and blood vessels
Calcification
50
urine in the blood
Uremia
51
the reaction between different compounds in solution to form soluble solid reaction products
Precipitation
52
based on the difference in particle size and on the boiling point of the substances in the mixture.
Physical separation methods
53
common example is separation of food grains from unwanted impurities like small stones or soil lumps by hand picking
Shape and Size
54
achieved by sieving using different mesh screens
Finer separation
55
number of separations can be carried out such as dry pigment granules by hand picking of differently coloured grains
Color
56
suspended solids or precipitates in the solution are removed using filter papers secured in glass funnels.
Filtration
57
faster and convenient approach for removal of solid suspensions in comparison to classical filtration methods
Centrifuging
58
dissolved solids can be removed from solutions by simply allowing the solution to evaporate or heating in a beaker. The solvent evaporates or boils off leaving behind a solid residue
Evaporation
59
separation of one or more liquids in a homogeneous mixture on the basis of differences in their boiling points.
Distillation
60
a material changes phase from solid directly to a gas without melting to a liquid. Dry ice or solid carbon dioxide is a common example that changes to gaseous carbon dioxide at room temperature without liquefaction.
Sublimation
61
passing the mixture of charged species in a liquid which retains oppositely charged ions and permits the ions bearing the same charge to pass through. It is used extensively in water purification
Ion-exchange
62
isolate a mixture of liquids having different miscibilities by shaking them in a separation funnel. The technique is also useful in isolating dissolved solids species having different solubilities in the selected solvents
Solvent extraction
63
allowing the solution to cool gradually to room temperature after seeding the solution with a crystal of the pure compound
Crystallization
64
produces insoluble products resulting from the reaction between a metal and a complexing agent.
Complex formation
65
- important biophysical technique that enables the
separation, identification, and purification of the
compounds of a mixture for qualitative and
quantitative analysis.
Chromatography
66
an immobilized species that
interacts chemically or physically with the
molecules you wish to separate.
Stationary phase
67
solvent or buffer system that carries
the molecules you wish to separate through the
column in a manner that allows the molecules to
encounter the stationary phase.
Mobile phase
68
a specific chemical component of the
mobile phase that causes the target molecules to
elute from the column.
Eluent
69
the target molecule that you wish to
separate from impurities
analyte
70
the combined mixture of analytes and impurities
matrix
71
measured relative to the time of
an analyte injection onto the stationary phase
Retention Time
72
measured relative to the
amount of mobile phase.
Retention Volume
73
used to separate the components of a mixture using a column of suitable adsorbent packed in a glass tube.
Column Chromatography
74
continuous differential partitioning of components of a mixture into a stationary phase and mobile phase takes place.
Partition Chromatography
75
used for the purification of enzymes, hormones, antibodies, nucleic acids, and specific proteins
Affinity Chromatography
76
Based on electrostatic interactions between charged protein groups, and solid support material (matrix)
Ion exchange Chromatography
77
Positively charged ion- exchange matrices
Anion-exchange matrices
78
matrices bound with negatively charged groups
cation-exchange matrices
79
the stationary phase is a column that is placed in the device and contains a liquid stationary phase which is adsorbed on to the surface of an inert solid.
Gas Chromatography
80
use of small particles, and application of high pressure on the rate of solvent flow increases the separation power, of HPLC and the analysis is completed within a short time
High-pressure liquid chromatography
81
are more effective in the
separation of macromolecules as nucleic acids, and proteins
Affinity chromatographies
82
used in the
separation of proteins, and in studies related to
protein synthesis; gas-liquid chromatography is
utilized in the separation of alcohol, esther, lipid, and amino groups, and observation of
enzymatic interactions
Paper Chromatography
83
applied for gases, and
mixtures of volatile liquids, and solid material.
Gas Chromatography
84
the ratio of distance traveled by the analyte to that
of the solvent front on a chromatogram.
Retardation or retention factor value
85
the characteristic identification
value for analytes at given temperatures.It
means that compounds can be analyzed and
identified based on their Rf values
Rf value
86
first to be developed with a
suitable solvent (mobile phase), depending
upon the nature of analytes, and the stationary
phases
Chromatogram
87
affects the rate of mobile action
of solvent and also the solubilities of analytes
in the solvent.
Temperature
88
Why do we need Rf Values?
Rf values in chromatography are the basic requirement of the whole experiment. These values tell us whether the analyte(solute)is more affinitive with stationary or the mobile phase. Rf values evaluate the polarity, relative masses, and relative solubilities with stationary and mobile phases, etc.
89
Is Chromatography paper Polar?
The compound acting as the stationary phase is the adsorbed water on cellulose fibers which is
a polar compound. So, the chromatographic paper in column chromatography is polar. This is also the reason why it is called liquid-liquid chromatography.
