Acid Base Flashcards
What is HCO3 regulated by?
The kidneys
What is CO2 regulated by?
The lungs
What is the normal pH range?
7.35-7.45
What is the range for PaCO2?
35-45 mmHg
What is the range for HCO3?
24-30 mEq/L
What does respiratory acidosis cause an increase in?
Increased arterial CO2
If the compensation of CO2 is present for prolonged periods what also increases?
Serum bicarbonate
What does metabolic alkalosis result from?
Increase in Serum bicarbonate
What is the normal anion gap?
12
What does anion gap matter for?
Metabolic acidosis
If the anion gap is “elevated” what is the range?
> /= 16
What acronym is used if the AG is >/= 16?
MUDPILES
What does MUDPILES stand for?
M- methanol
U- uremia
D- DKA
P- paraldehyde
I- iron or isoniazid
L- lactic acidosis
E- ethylene glycol
S- salicylates
If the AG is < 16 what acronym is used?
USEDCAR
What does USEDCAR stand for?
U- ureteral diversion
S- saline
E- endocrine
D- diarrhea
C- carbonic anhydrate inhibitors
A- adrenal insufficiency
R- renal tubular acidosis
When can you use sodium bicarbonate?
Metabolic acidosis
How is sodium bicarbonate dosed?
By ample (50 mEq)
True or false: carefully using NaHCO3 can act as a life-sustaining measure as the underlying cause of acidosis is addressed
True
What 3 SEs are associated with THAM?
- Hypoglycemia
- Hyperkalemia
- Extravasation/tissue necrosis
When should THAM be used?
As a salvage measure (Pt incredibly acidotic)
What might acetazolamide have a cross sensitivity with?
Patients w sulfonamide/sulfonylurea allergies
What are 2 agents that can be used to treat metabolic acidosis?
- Sodium Bicarbonate
- THAM
What agent is used to treat metabolic alkalosis?
Acetazolamide
What is metabolic acidosis caused by?
Decrease in sodium bicarbonate
