Acid Base Flashcards
increased pH causes a ___ shift on the curve
decreased pH causes a _____ shift
left
right
hypoventilation ____ CO2
hyperventilation ___ CO2
increases
decreases
diabetic ketoacidosis
vigorous exercise effect on pH
can cause lactic acidosis
renal failure causes
metabolic alkalosis
(retains HCO3)
if someone is in renal failure, how will their body comp?
hypoventilation to increase acidify
how would a COPD patient compensate to manage their low pH?
renal retention of HCO3
causes of respiratory acidosis
CNS depression - injury, drugs or disease
asphyxia
hypoventiliation
signs and symptoms of respiratory acidosis
sweating, HA, tachycardia, confusion, restlessness
how can PT help a pt with respiratory acidosis?
they are hyperventilating, so adjust positioning, secretion removal segmental breathing, strengthening
causes of respiratory alkalosis
hyperventilation - anxiety, pain, vent settings
respiratory stimulation - drugs, fever, hypoxia, high room temp
Gram-negative bacteria
how can a PT help a pt with respiratory alkalosis?
box breathing, relax, rebreather bag
Signs and symptoms of respiratory alkalosis
neurologic looking
rapid deep breathing
parasthesia
light headedness
twitching
anxiety
fear
causes of metabolic alkalosis
secretion of acids by kidney
loss of HCl due to vommiting or gastric suctioning
decreased K+ levels (H+ follows K+)
retaining bicarb
what do you need to watch out for with a pt with metabolic alkalosis?
they are losing K+ = arrythmias and cardiac issues
signs and symptoms of metabolic alkalosis
slow shallow breathing - dont fix! its a comp
confusion
hypertonic muscles
twitching
retlessness
irritabiltiy
apathy
tetany
coma
seizure
metabolic acidosis causes
HCO3 depletion from diarrhea or chronic kidney disease
diabetes, hypoxia, shock, drug intoxication
hyperkalemia (H+ follows)
signs and symptoms of metabolic acidosis
rapid deep breathing (kusmalls)
fatigue
fruity breathe
HA
drowsiness
lethargy
nausea
vomitting
coma
