Acid-Base Balance

Question 1

What is the lung chemical involved in acid base balance?

Answer 1

CO2

Question 2

What are the two kidney chemicals involved in acid base balance?

Answer 2

hydrogen and bicarb

Question 3

What is the normal pH range?

Answer 3

7.35-7.45

Question 4

How does an acidotic person act?

Answer 4

Lethargic

Question 5

How does an alkalotic person act?

Answer 5

Excitable (nervous system)

Question 6

Is kidney compensation fast or slow?

Answer 6

slow

Question 7

Is lung compensation fast or slow?

Answer 7

fast

Question 8

What is the normal lab value for PaO2?

Answer 8

80-100 mmHg

Question 9

What is the normal lab value for PaCO2?

Answer 9

35-45 mmHg

Question 10

what is the normal lab value for bicarb/HCO3?

Answer 10

22-26 mEq/L

Question 11

Which organ has a problem with respiratory acidosis?

Answer 11

lungs

Question 12

Which organ is going to compensate with respiratory acidosis?

Answer 12

kidneys

Question 13

What chemical is causing problems in respiratory acidosis?

Answer 13

CO2 (too much)

Question 14

When someone is in respiratory acidosis are they hyperventilating or hypoventilating?

Answer 14

hypoventilating

Question 15

How do the kidneys compensate in respiratory acidosis?

Answer 15

The kidneys excrete hydrogen (acid) and retain bicarb (base)

Question 16

What could happen if respiratory acidosis is not corrected?

Answer 16

coma

Question 17

What happens to LOC as acid level increases?

Answer 17

goes down

Question 18

what are signs and symptoms of respiratory acidosis?

Answer 18

headache
confusion
sleepy
hypoxia

Question 19

What are early signs of hypoxia?

Answer 19

restlessness

tachycardia

Question 20

What is the treatment for respiratory acidosis?

Answer 20

fix the breathing problem

Question 21

What organ has a problem in respiratory alkalosis?

Answer 21

lungs

Question 22

What organ is going to compensate in respiratory alkalosis?

Answer 22

Kidneys

Question 23

What chemical is causing the problem in respiratory alkalosis?

Answer 23

CO2 (too little)

Question 24

Is someone with respiratory alkalosis hyperventilating or hypoventilating?

Answer 24

hyperventilating

Question 25

How will the kidneys compensate in respiratory alkalosis?

Answer 25

They will excrete bicarb (base) and retain hydrogen (acid)

Question 26

Signs and symptoms of respiratory alkalosis?

Answer 26

lightheaded/faint feeling peri-oral numbness numbness and tingling in fingers and toes

Question 27

Treatment for respiratory alkalosis?

Answer 27

Sedation to decrease respiratory rate treat the cause monitor ABG's

Question 28

which organ has a problem with metabolic acidosis?

Answer 28

Kidneys

Question 29

Which organ is going to compensate in metabolic acidosis?

Answer 29

Lungs

Question 30

What chemicals are causing the problem with metabolic acidosis?

Answer 30

Hydrogen and bicarb

Question 31

Which chemical is there too much of in metabolic acidosis?

Answer 31

hydrogen

Question 32

What chemical is there not enough of in metabolic acidosis?

Answer 32

bicarb

Question 33

How will the lungs compensate in metabolic acidosis?

Answer 33

the respiratory rate will increase to get rid of acid through CO2

Question 34

Why is DKA and starvation a cause of metabolic acidosis?

Answer 34

the cells are starving during DKA and starvation since there is no glucose available, so the body starts breaking down fat and produces ketones as a byproduct, which is acidic and raises the acid level in the body.

Question 35

Why is renal failure a cause of metabolic acidosis?

Answer 35

Hydrogen cannot be excreted if the kidneys are not working

Question 36

Why is severe diarrhea a cause of metabolic acidosis?

Answer 36

This causes a loss of base from the lower GI

Question 37

What do signs and symptoms of metabolic acidosis depend on?

Answer 37

the cause

Question 38

Why is increased respiratory rate a symptom of metabolic acidosis?

Answer 38

lungs are trying to compensate

Question 39

What will happen to serum potassium during metabolic acidosis?

Answer 39

increase (hyperkalemia)

Question 40

What organ has a problem during metabolic alkalosis?

Answer 40

Kidneys

Question 41

What organ compensates during metabolic alkalosis?

Answer 41

Lungs

Question 42

What chemical is too high during metabolic alkalosis?

Answer 42

bicarb

Question 43

What chemical is too low during metabolic alkalosis?

Answer 43

hydrogen

Question 44

Why is the loss of upper GI contents a cause for metabolic alkalosis?

Answer 44

upper GI contents are acidic. acid loss makes base levels increase

Question 45

why is too many antacids a cause for metabolic alkalosis?

Answer 45

too much base

Question 46

What will happen to serum potassium with metabolic alkalosis?

Answer 46

decrease (hypokalemia)

Question 47

What should be monitored for with metabolic alkalosis?

Answer 47

muscle cramps | life threatening arrhythmias

Question 48

What is the treatment for metabolic alkalosis?

Answer 48

treat the problem | replace potassium