Acid Base balance

Question 1

What is acid base balance?

Answer 1

• body maintains balance for optimal cell function
• represents homeostasis of H ion concentration in body fluids
• arterial pH is indirect measurement of H ion concentration
• increase of H= decrease of pH

Question 2

How acid base balance is produced

Answer 2

cellular metabolism creates 2 types of acids
1. carbonic converts to CO2
2. metabolic

Question 3

How its balanced

Answer 3

• buffering
• releases H ions or takes them
• maintains/controls

Question 4

Buffering

Answer 4

• all body fluids have buffers
• main one is in ECF is bicarb
• consists of lots of bicarb and small amount of carbonic acid
• bicarb can release or accept it

Question 5

HCO3 is

Answer 5

basic

Question 6

CO2 is

Answer 6

acidic

Question 7

Lung excrete

Answer 7

carbonic acid

Question 8

Kidneys excrete

Answer 8

metabolic acid

Question 9

When you exhale you

Answer 9

excrete carbonic in the form of CO2

Question 10

When you urinate you

Answer 10

excrete metabolic (all other acids except carbonic)

Question 11

Blood Ph scale range is

Answer 11

7.35- 7.45

Question 12

PaCO2 range and definition

Answer 12

How well lungs are getting CO2 out
35-45

Question 13

HCO3 range and definition

Answer 13

how well the kidneys are excreting metabolic
21-28

Question 14

PaO2 range and definition

Answer 14

alveoli function and O2 in blood
80-100mmHg

Question 15

SaO2 range and definition

Answer 15

how much O2 the hemoglobin is carrying
95-100%

Question 16

Base excess range and definition

Answer 16

chemical buffers that regulate pH
-2 - +2 mEq/L

Question 17

Acid base imbalances

Answer 17

develops when normal regulating mechanisms are dysfunctional/overwhelmed
- body compensates change
- kidneys/lungs make up for loss

Question 18

Types of acidosis

Answer 18

respiratory and metabolic

Question 19

Types of alkalosis

Answer 19

respiratory and metabolic

Question 20

Respiratory acidosis

Answer 20

• lungs unable to excrete CO2
• excess CO2 in the blood decreases pH
  ex. COPD ineffectively able to exhale

Question 21

Causes of respiratory acidosis

Answer 21

• pneumonia
• asthma
• airway obstruction
• chest wall injury
• drug overdose
• head injury

Question 22

Respiratory acidosis ABG

Answer 22

pH= decreased
CO2= increased
HCO3= normal

Question 23

Respiratory alkalosis

Answer 23

lungs excreting too much CO2
decrease CO2=increase pH

Question 24

Hyperventilation causes

Answer 24

respiratory alkalosis

Question 25

respiratory alkalosis is caused by

Answer 25

- acute pain - anxiety - psychological distress - respiratory control - stimulation of brainstem

Question 26

Metabolic acidosis

Answer 26

increased metabolic= decreased in HCO3 kidneys cant excrete enough metabolic which accumulates in blood or HCO3 is removed from body

Question 27

metabolic acidosis is caused by

Answer 27

- diabetic ketoacidosis - burns - severe infection - diarrhea - end-stage renal disease - acute kidney injury

Question 28

metabolic acidosis ABG

Answer 28

pH: decreases HCO3: decreases CO2: normal

Question 29

metabolic alkalosis

Answer 29

increase of HCO3 and decrease of metabolic HCO3 in blood increases

Question 30

metabolic alkalosis is caused by

Answer 30

- vomiting - NGT suctioning - blood transfusion - too much sodium bicarb

Question 31

metabolic alkalosis ABG

Answer 31

pH: increases HCO3: increases CO2: normal

Question 32

Respiration alkalosis ABG

Answer 32

pH: increases CO2: decreases HCO3: normal