Acid Base Balance

Question 0

Acids are sometimes referred to as

Answer 0

Proton donors

Question 1

Defined as any compound, which can release hydrogen ions in solution.

Answer 1

Acids

Question 2

A compounds that are only partially ionized in solution

Answer 2

Weak acids and bases

Question 3

Compound that ionizes completely in solution to form hydrogen ions and a base.

Answer 3

Strong acids

Question 4

An ion or a molecule that can accept an hydrogen

Answer 4

Bases

Question 5

Bases can be referred to as

Answer 5

Proton acceptors

Question 6

A compound that limits the change in hydrogen ion concentration when hydrogen ions are added or removed from the solution

Answer 6

Buffers

Question 7

All buffers are in fact

Answer 7

Weak acids or bases

Question 8

Immediately combine with acid or base to prevent excessive changes in hydrogen concentration

Answer 8

Chemical acid base buffer system

Question 9

Buffers in plasma

Answer 9

Bicarbonate buffer
Phosphate buffer
Protein buffer

Question 10

Buffers in the RBC

Answer 10

Bicarbonate buffer
Phosphate buffer
Hemoglobin buffer

Question 11

Responsible for 60% of the buffering capacity of blood

Answer 11

Hemoglobin buffer

Question 12

Responsible for 60% of the buffering capacity of blood

Answer 12

Hemoglobin buffer

Question 13

Has the strongest affinity for both Co2 and Hydrogen

Answer 13

Deoxygenated hemoglobin

Question 14

Buffering effect of deoxygenated hemoglobin. Is strongest in the

Answer 14

Tissue

Question 15

CO2 that binds directly with hemoglobin combines reversibly with terminal amine groups on the hemoglobin molecule to form

Answer 15

Carbaminohaemoglobin

Question 16

In the tissues, dissolved CO2 passes into the red blood cell down its concentration gradient where it combines with water to form

Answer 16

Carbonic acid

Question 17

To form carbonic acid, this reaction is catalyzed by th enzyme

Answer 17

Carbonic anhydrase

Question 18

Chief buffer for fixed, nonvolatile acids

Answer 18

Bicarbonate buffer system

Question 19

Alkali reserve of the body

Answer 19

Sodium bicarbonate

Question 20

Sodium bicarbonate deficiency

Answer 20

Metabolic acidosis

Question 21

Excess sodium bicarbonate

Answer 21

Metabolic alkalosis

Question 22

Important in buffering acids in the distal tubules of the kidney

Answer 22

Phosphate buffer system

Question 23

Hemoglobin buffer system

Carbon dioxide + hemoglobin or water

Answer 23

Carbonic acid

Question 24

Hemoglobin buffer system CO2 + amine groups of hemoglobin

Answer 24

Carbaminohaemoglobin

Question 25

Hemoglobin buffer system CO2 + water = carbonic acid Catalyze by?

Answer 25

Carbonic anhydrase

Question 26

Hemoglobin buffer system In tissue, carbonic acid dissociates to

Answer 26

Bicarbonate | Hydrogen ions

Question 27

Hemoglobin buffer system Bicarbonate goes to

Answer 27

Plasma in exchange for cholride

Question 28

Hemoglobin buffer system In tissue Hydrogen ions to become

Answer 28

HHb

Question 29

Hemoglobin buffer system In lungs Hydrogen ions + haemoglobin and bicarbonate

Answer 29

CO2

Question 30

The second line of defense, which regulates the removal of carbon dioxide from the extracellular fluid

Answer 30

Respiratory mechanism

Question 31

Slow acting Can completely restore acid base balance Most powerful of the acid base regulatory systems

Answer 31

Renal mechanism

Question 32

Renal mechanism regulates primarily ___________ level in the blood

Answer 32

Sodium bocarbonate

Question 33

Main site of bicarbonate reabsorption accounting for 75-90% of the filtered load

Answer 33

Proximal convoluted tubule

Question 34

Proximal convoluted tubule Bicarbonate is reabsorb with?

Answer 34

Sodium

Question 35

Proximal convoluted tubule H+ enters the tubule via

Answer 35

Secretion and not filtered at bowmans capsule

Question 36

Proximal convoluted tubule Excrete H+ into the tubular fluid by

Answer 36

Sodium hydrogen counter transport

Question 37

Remaining 10-25% of bicarbonate is reabsorbed

Answer 37

Distal convoluted tubule

Question 38

Distal convoluted tubule Secretes H+ by

Answer 38

Primary active transport

Question 39

Distal convoluted tubule Where H+ is transported directly by a specific protein, a?

Answer 39

Hydrogen transporting ATPase

Question 40

Distal convoluted tubule The energy required for pumping the H+ is derived from the breakdown of ATP to

Answer 40

Adenosine diphosphate

Question 41

Distal convoluted tubule Anion that is filtered and not reabsorbed

Answer 41

Phosphate

Question 42

Distal convoluted tubule Formed in cells lining tubule from amino acids through deamination

Answer 42

Ammonia

Question 43

State of excess H+

Answer 43

Acidosis

Question 44

Results when the blood pH is less than 7.35

Answer 44

Acidemia

Question 45

A state of excess HCO3

Answer 45

Alkalosis

Question 46

Results when the blood pH is greater than 7.45

Answer 46

Alkalemia

Question 47

Occurs from pathological conditions that damage the respiratory centers or that decrease the ability of the lungs to eliminate CO2

Answer 47

Respiratory acidosis

Question 48

Due to hypoventilation and consequential increased in pCO2

Answer 48

Respiratory acidosis

Question 49

Due to hyperventilation and consequential decreased in pCO2

Answer 49

Respiratory alkalosis

Question 50

Eg of respiratory alkalosis

Answer 50

Hysteria Early stage of salicylate poisoning Injudicious of repirators

Question 51

Due to decrease in bicarbonate fraction

Answer 51

Metabolic acidosis

Question 52

Type of acidosis results from a defect in renal secretion of H+ or in reabsorption of HCO3 or both

Answer 52

Renal tubular acidosis

Question 53

Most frequent cause of metabolic acidosis.

Answer 53

Diarrhea

Question 54

Eg of metabolic acidosis

Answer 54

Vomiting of intestinal content DM Ingestion of acids Chronic Renal Failure

Question 55

Due to increase in bicarbonate fraction | There is excess retention of HCO3 or loss of H+ from the body

Answer 55

Metabolic alkalosis

Question 56

Eg metabolic alkalosis

Answer 56

Diuretics Aldosterone Vomiting of gastric contrnts Alkaline drugs