Acid Base Balance Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in Acid Base Balance Deck (14)
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1
Q

What are the four different acid-base balance disturbances?

A

Respiratory alkalosis and acidosis

Metabolic acidosis and alkalosis

2
Q

what is the Henderson hasselbalch equation?

A

pH = pK + Log (base/acid) OR pH = 6.1+ Log 10 (base/acid)

3
Q

What is an acid?

A

donates protons

4
Q

what is a base?

A

accepts protons

5
Q

What is the function of a buffer?

A

minimise pH change when an acid or base is added. eg. plasma proteins, HCO3- and haemoglobin

6
Q

What is metabolic acidosis?

A

Increased production or retention of acids. High H+ levels. Loss of HCO3-. Correct by excreting excess H+ ions.

7
Q

What is metabolic alkalosis?

A

Addition of bases, remove H+, increased plasma HCO3-. correct by excreting HCO3-

8
Q

What causes Metabolic acidosis?

A

ingestion and production of acids

9
Q

What causes metabolic alkalosis?

A

vomiting, diarrhoea (Loss of acids)

10
Q

What is respiratory acidosis?

A

excess CO2, increased H+ ions and HCO3- ions, due to impaired ventilation

11
Q

What is respiratory Alkalosis?

A

removal of CO2, decrease in H+ ions and HCO3- ions, due to hyperventilation

12
Q

How long does it take to produce ammonia during metabolic acidosis?

A

2-3 days.

13
Q

what happens to ammonia levels if H+ levels increase?

A

NH3 production increases

14
Q

What is the normal level of plasma HCO3-?

A

28mmol/L