Acid-Base Balance

Question 1

What factors affect alveolar ventilation

Answer 1

Neuromuscular chain defects

Pulmonary disease: airway obstruction, alveolar filling, atelectasis, perfusion blockage, loss of lung parenchyma

Question 2

what is body pH

Answer 2

7.4

Question 3

What do the kidneys produce to maintain balance

Answer 3

bicarbonate

Question 4

What is respiratory acidosis/alkalosis caused by

Answer 4

PCO2

HCO3 = normal

Question 5

What is metabolic acidosis/alkalosis caused by

Answer 5

HCO3

PCO2 = normal

Question 6

Characteristics of resp acidosis

Answer 6

PCO2 high

HCO3 normal

Question 7

Characteristics of resp alkalosis

Answer 7

PCO2 very low

HCO3 normal

Question 8

Characteristics of metabolic acidosis

Answer 8

HCO3 low

PCO2 normal

Question 9

Characteristics of metabolic alkalosis

Answer 9

HCO3 high

PCO2 normal

Question 10

another word for respiratory acidosis

Answer 10

hypercapnia acidosis

Question 11

What is respiratory acidosis caused by

Answer 11

alveolar hypoventilation

acute airway obstruction with under ventilation

Question 12

what causes respiratory acidosis

Answer 12

late acute asthma 
acute COPD
Opiate overdose
stroke
neuropathy 
myopathy

Question 13

what are the conditions of compensated respiratory acidosis

Answer 13

HCO3 high
PCO2 very high
pH low

Question 14

what are the condition of uncompensated respiratory acidosis

Answer 14

HCO3 normal
PCO2 high
pH very low

Question 15

another name for respiratory alkalosis

Answer 15

hypocapnic alkalosis

Question 16

respiratory alkalosis is alveolar hypoventiltion/hyperventilation due to …

Answer 16

hyperventilation

early acute asthma with over venitlation

Question 17

causes of respiratory alkalosis

Answer 17

pulmonary embolus, pneumonia, pulmonary oedema

anxiety

Question 18

compensated respiratory alkalosis: PCO2 is low/high, HCO3 is low/high/normal, pH is low/high/normal

Answer 18

pCO2 low
HCO3 low
pH normal (slightly high)

Question 19

compensated respiratory alkalosis: PCO2 is low/high, HCO3 low/high/normal, pH is low/high/normal

Answer 19

PCO2 very low
HCO3 normal
pH very high

Question 20

another name for metabolic acidosis

Answer 20

hypobicarbonatemic acidosis

Question 21

what is metabolic acidosis characterised by

Answer 21

excess H ions (low HCO3)

Question 22

causes of metabolic acidosis

Answer 22

Diabetic ketoacidosis
Acute renal failure
Circulatory Shock - Septic, Cardiogenic, Hypovolemic

Question 23

Metabolic acidosis with respiratory compensation HCO3 is low/high, PCO2 low/high/normal and pH is low/high/normal

Answer 23

HCO3 = low 
PCO2 = lower than normal
pH = normal (slightly low)

Question 24

uncompensated Metabolic acidosis: HCO3 is low/high, PCO2 low/high/normal and pH is low/high/normal

Answer 24

HCO3 = very low
PCO2 = normal
pH = very low

Question 25

another name for metabolic alkalosis

Answer 25

hyperbicarbonatemic alkalosis

Question 26

what is metabolic alkalosis characterised by

Answer 26

excess HCO3 ions

Question 27

what is metabolic alkalosis caused by

Answer 27

Loss of gastric fluid: vomiting Diuretics- K+ loss: excess renal HCO3 reabsorption Post hypercapnic mechanical ventilation

Question 28

compensated metabolic alkalosis: HCO3 is low/high/normal, PCO2 is low/high/normal and pH is low/high/normal

Answer 28

``` HCO3 = high PCO2 = high pH = normal (slightly high) ```

Question 29

uncompensated metabolic alkalosis: HCO3 is low/high/normal, PCO2 is low/high/normal and pH is low/high/normal

Answer 29

``` HCO3 = very high PCO2 = normal pH = high ```

Question 30

what varies in respiratory acidosis/alkalosis

Answer 30

PCO2

Question 31

what varies in metabolic acidosis/alkalosis

Answer 31

HCO3

Question 32

pH < 7.4 suggests

Answer 32

acidosis

Question 33

PCO2 > 40 mmHg suggests

Answer 33

respiratory acidosis

Question 34

HCO3 < 24 mmol/l suggests

Answer 34

metabolic acidosis

Question 35

pH > 7.4 suggests

Answer 35

alkalosis

Question 36

PCO2 < 40 mmHg suggests

Answer 36

respiratory alkalosis

Question 37

HCO3 > 24 mmol/l suggests

Answer 37

metabolic alkalosis

Question 38

Characteristics of type 1 respiratory failure

Answer 38

decreased PaO2 decreased PaCO2 alveolar hyperventilation

Question 39

characteristics of type 2 respiratory failure

Answer 39

decreased PaO2 increased PaCO2 alveolar hypoventilation