Acid/Base Balance + Blood Flow

Question 1

Increase RBF

Increase GFR

Answer 1

Dilation of Afferent

Question 2

Constriction of both Afferent and Efferent

Answer 2

Decrease RBF

No effect on GFR

Question 3

Constrict Afferent

Answer 3

Decrease GFR in response to high RBF (high BP)

Question 4

PCO2 less than 40

Answer 4

Respiratory Alkalosis

Compensatory: Decrease bicarb reabsorption
Decrease H+ secretion as well

Acetazolamide - inhibit Carbonic Anhydrase

Question 5

HCO3- less than 24

Answer 5

Metabolic Acidosis

Compensatory: Decrease PCO2
Increase Ventilation Rate

Question 6

Dilation of Afferent

Answer 6

Increase RBF

Increase GFR

Question 7

Increase RBF

No effect on GFR

Answer 7

Dilation of both Afferent and Efferent

Question 8

Increase RBF

Decrease GFR

Answer 8

Dilation of Efferent

Question 9

Constrict Efferent

Answer 9

Increases GFR, but only due to a decreased RBF

AngII - increases filtration and reabsorption in the proximal tubule

Question 10

Decrease RBF

No effect on GFR

Answer 10

Constriction of both Afferent and Efferent

Question 11

Dilation of Efferent

Answer 11

Increase RBF

Decrease GFR

Question 12

Dilation of both Afferent and Efferent

Answer 12

Increase RBF

No effect on GFR

Question 13

PCO2 greater than 40

Answer 13

Respiratory Acidosis

Compensatory: Reabsorb more bicarb
Stimulate H+ secretion as well

Question 14

HCO3- greater than 24

Answer 14

Metabolic Alkalosis

Compensatory: Increase PCO2
Decrease Ventilation Rate

Question 15

Atonic Bladder

Answer 15

Destruction of sensory nerve fibers
Insensitive to stretch
OVERFLOW INCONTINENCE

Question 16

Automatic Bladder

Answer 16

Spinal Cord damage above the Sacrum
Inhibits CENTRAL CONTROL of reflexes
Uncontrolled and unannounced bladder emptying

Question 17

Uninhibited Neurogenic Bladder

Answer 17

Interruption of INHIBITORY SIGNALS
Frequent small volumes of urine
At risk for UTI’s

Question 18

Interruption of INHIBITORY SIGNALS

Answer 18

Uninhibited Neurogenic Bladder

Question 19

Inhibition of CENTRAL CONTROL of reflexes

Answer 19

Automatic Bladder

Question 20

Destruction of Sensory Nerve fibers

Answer 20

Atonic Bladder

Overflow incontinence

Question 21

Small frequent volumes of urine

Answer 21

Uninhibited neurogenic bladder

Question 22

Uncontrolled and unannounced bladder emptying

Answer 22

Automatic Bladder

Question 23

Overflow incontinence

Answer 23

Atonic Bladder

Question 24

Hypernatremia (NaCl Excess)

Answer 24

Increased ECF Volume, Decreased hematocrit

Primary aldosteronism, Cushing’s

(Hyperosmotic Volume Expansion)

Question 25

Hypernatremia (H2O loss)

Answer 25

Decreased ECF Volume, Increased hematocrit Diabetes, Sweating (Hyperosmotic Volume Contraction)

Question 26

Hyponatremia (Excess H2O)

Answer 26

Increased ECF, Decreased Hematocrit SIADH (Hypo-Osmotic Volume Expansion)

Question 27

Hyponatremia (NaCl loss)

Answer 27

Decreased ECF, Increased Hematocrit Adrenal Insufficiency (decreased aldosterone) (Hypo-Osmotic Volume Contraction)

Question 28

Iso-Osmotic Volume Contraction

Answer 28

Hemorrhage Decreased ECF volume, no other changes

Question 29

Iso-Osmotic Volume Expansion

Answer 29

Administration of 0.9% Saline Increased ECF, no other changes