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BMS 242 CVS & Respiration > Acid Base Balance I > Flashcards

Acid Base Balance I Flashcards

(50 cards)

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1
Q

What is the effect on pH if hydrogen ion concentration increases

A

pH decreases

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2
Q

What is the pH of arterial blood

A

7.45

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3
Q

What is the pH of venous blood

A

7.35

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4
Q

What is pH sensitive

A

ion channel function

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5
Q

Why is potassium regulated within narrow limits

A

regulate the excitability of cells and membrane potential

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6
Q

What is affected by fluctuations in H+ levels

A

enzyme activities, potassium levels, excitability of muscle and nerves

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7
Q

Name an alkali pH value in the body

A

pancreatic secretions

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8
Q

Name an acidic pH value in the body

A

gastric secretions

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9
Q

What does metabolism generate

A

carbon dioxide

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10
Q

What is the pH of carbon dioxide

A

acidic

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11
Q

break down of what…. can generate hydrogen ions

A

proteins

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12
Q

What systems are involved with acid base balance

A

blood and tissue buffers, respiration, and renal

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13
Q

Which system is the fastest to react

A

blood and tissue buffers

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14
Q

Which system is the only mechanism for extrusion of acid/alkali

A

renal system

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15
Q

How does the respiratory system help with acid base balance

A

changes CO2 levels in the body

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16
Q

Where are buffers for acid base balance present

A

blood, extracellular fluid, intracellular fluid, urine

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17
Q

Name some examples of buffers

A

haemoglobin, bicarbonate, inorganic phosphate

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18
Q

What is the most important buffer

A

bicarbonate

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19
Q

What diseases might cause respiratory acidosis

A

asthma attack, emphysema and COPD

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20
Q

What happens when there is too much carbon dioxide in the body

A

pH becomes more acidic, bicarbonate concentration is high

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21
Q

Describe the pH and bicarbonate in respiratory acidosis

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A

acidic pH, high bicarbonate concentration

22
Q

What are the pH and bicarbonate levels in respiratory alkalosis

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A

alkaline pH, low bicarbonate concentration

23
Q

Under what circumstances would you have respiratory alkalosis

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A

panic attacks or hyperventilation

24
Q

What are the pH and bicarbonate levels in metabolic acidosis

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A

acidic pH and low bicarbonate levels

25
What causes metabolic alkalosis
excess bicarbonate
26
what are the pH and bicarbonate levels is metabolic alkalosis
high pH and high bicarbonate levels
27
What is hypoxia
low partial pressure of oxygen
28
What is hypercapnia
high partial pressure of carbon dioxide
29
What is acidosis
acidic pH
30
What do chemoreceptors control
breathing
31
What is the function of chemoreceptors
detect and control blood gas composition
32
What do chemoreceptors keep constant
partial pressure of oxygen, carbon dioxide and pH
33
What are the two types of chemoreceptors
peripheral and central
34
What type of system are chemoreceptors involved in
negative
35
What do hypoxia, hypercapnia and acidosis all increase
ventilation
36
What does increased ventilation in response to hypoxia , hypercapnia and acidosis cause
increased partial pressure of oxygen, decreased partial pressure of oxygen, increased pH
37
Where are peripheral chemoreceptors found
carotid and aortic bodies
38
What is the main stimulus for peripheral chemoreceptors
fall in partial pressure of oxygen - hypoxia
39
Which chemoreceptors are discrete and specific
peripheral chemoreceptors
40
What nerves do peripheral chemoreceptors send signals via
sinus, vagus and glossopharyngeal nerves
41
What is the receptor cell type in peripheral chemoreceptors
Glomus cell
42
What is anoxic condition
no oxygen
43
What happens when Glomus cells go into anoxic condition
gradual depolarisation of membrane potential, action potentials, activation of nerves
44
What supports the glomus cells
type II cells
45
What do glomus cells detect
oxygen
46
What is the phenotype of Glomus cells
neuronal
47
True or False - peripheral chemoreceptors have high blood flow rate and high metabolic rate
TRUE
48
Where are glomus cells present
carotid bodies
49
What can adjust the sensitivity of glomus cells
carbon dioxide and pH
50
What is the effect of increasing oxygen on glomus cell firing
decreases action potential firing

BMS 242 CVS & Respiration (10 decks)

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