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Microbiology > Acid Fast Bacteria > Flashcards

Acid Fast Bacteria Flashcards

1
Q

Hydrophobic waxy lipid on cell walls of acid fast bacteria

A

Mycolic Acid

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2
Q

Primary Stain in Acid Fast

A

Carbol Fuschin

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3
Q

Decolorizer in Acid Fast Staining

A

Acid Alcohol (Ethanol, HCl)

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4
Q

Counterstain in Acid Fast Staining

A

Methylene Blue

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5
Q

Methods of Acid Fast Staining

A

Ziehl-Neelsen Acid Fast Stain
Kinyoun Acid Fast Stain
Auramine-Rhodamine Fluorescent Acid Fast Stain

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6
Q

Ziehl-Neelsen Acid Fast Stain also known as

A

Hot Method Stain

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7
Q

Kinyoun Acid Fast Stain also known as

A

Cold Method Stain

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8
Q

In Ziehl-Neelsen, the slide is heated by what process?

A

Steam

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9
Q

Kinyoun Stain contains high concentration of ___ and ___

A

Basic Fuschin and Phenol

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10
Q

The most sensitive fluorescent stains for mycobacteria detection

A

Auramine-Rhodamine Fluorescent Acid Fast Stain

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11
Q

TF: Auramine-Rhodamine Fluorescent Acid Fast Stain is strongly absorbed by Mycobacterium tuberculosis

A

True

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12
Q

In UV light, bacterium is shown as ____ against dark background

A

Bright Yellow

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13
Q

Characteristics of Mycobacterium

A

*Rod-shaped
*Aerobic Bacteria
*No spores
*Mold-like appearance in liquid media
*Mycolic Acid (Cell wall)

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14
Q

Characteristics of M. tuberculosis

A

Obligate Aerobe
Contains Cord factor (Glycolipid) in parallel chains

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15
Q

Culture Media of used in M. tuberculosis

A

Lowenstein-Jensen Agar

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16
Q

Tuberculosis

A

Phthisis
Wasting Disease
The White Plague
Koch’s Bacillus

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17
Q

Transmission of M. tuberculosis

A

Inhalation of aerosols

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18
Q

Pathogenesis of Tuberculosis

A

In alveoli, release of cytokines and lymphokines, stimulation the release of monocytes and macrophages.

Mycobacteria multiply in macrophage. 1 - 2 months, lesions appears in lung

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19
Q

Signs and symptoms of M. leprosis

A

Cough (2 weeks)
Chest pain
Weakness/fatigue
Weight loss
Loss of appetite
Chills
Fever
Night sweats

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20
Q

Diagnosis For M. tuberculosis

A

Tuberculin Test/Mantoux
Chest X-ray
Sputum Smear

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21
Q

Time for interpretation of Tuberculin Test

A

48-72 hours

22
Q

Result of Tuberculin test

A

Hard induration
Pale elevation on skin

23
Q

Induration of 5 or more mm

A

HIV-infected person
Contact with the infected person
Patient with organ transplant
Immunocompromised individuals

24
Q

Induration of 10 or more mm

A

Recent immigrant
Injection drug user
High risk congregate settings
Mycobacteriology lab personnel
Persons with clinical condition
Children <4 age

25
Q

Induration of 15 or more mm

A

Persons for no known factors for TB

26
Q

TF: A positive result in Tuberculin test indicates that the patient has been infected in the past

A

True

27
Q

TF: A positive result in Tuberculin test does not imply that active disease or immunity is present

A

True

28
Q

Vaccine for M. tuberculosis

A

Bacille Calmette Guerin

29
Q

First Line Drugs for Tuberculosis

A

Rifampicin
Isoniazid
Pyrazinamide
Ethambutol
Streptomycin

30
Q

Phases of TB regimen

A

Intensive Phase: 2 months
Continuation Phase: 4-7 months

6-9 months of treatment

31
Q

Duration of treatment of Drug-Sensitive TB

A

6 months

32
Q

Duration of treatment of Severe Drug-susceptible TB

A

12 months

33
Q

Duration of treatment of Drug-Resistant TB

A

9-20 months

34
Q

Regimen for Pulmonary TB and ExtraPTB

A

2 RHZE / 4 HR

35
Q

Regimen for ExtraPTB

A

2 HRZE / 10 HR

36
Q

Characteristics of M. leprae

A

In parallel bundles or globular mass
Grows in 30C
Grows in cooler area of body

37
Q

Causes nerve damage

A

M. leprae

38
Q

M. leprae is also known as

A

Hansen’s Disease

39
Q

Major forms of Leprosy

A

Tuberculoid Leprosy (Neural)
Lepromatous Leprosy (Progressive)

40
Q

Tuberculoid Leprosy

A

AKA Paucibillary Leprosy
Benign and Non-progressive
Strong T cell immune response
Loss of Sensation
Border of nodule

41
Q

Result of Tuberculoid Leprosy on Lepromin test

A

Positive

42
Q

Result of Lepromatous Leprosy on Lepromin test

A

Negative

43
Q

Lepromatous Leprosy

A

AKA Multibacillary Leprosy
Malignant and Progressive
Weak T cell mediated response
Hand disfigurement, Tissue necrosis

44
Q

Treatment of Tuberculoid Leprosy

A

Dapsone + Rifampicin + Clofazamine for 6 mos

45
Q

Treatment of Multibacillary Leprosy

A

Dapsone + Rifampicin + Clofazamine for 12 mos

46
Q

Disease of immunocompetent patients

A

M. avium (M. avium-intracellulare)

47
Q

Treatment of MAC

A

2-3 antimicrobials for 12 months
Clarithromycin or Azithromycin
Ethambutol
Rifamycins

48
Q

Chronic and difficult to treat pulmonary infection caused by nocardia

A

Nocardiosis

49
Q

Localized destructive infection of hands or feet or subcutaneous

A

Mycetoma

50
Q

Treatment of Nocardia asteroides

A

Co-trimoxazole

Microbiology (17 decks)

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