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Acid Fast Bacteria Flashcards

(50 cards)

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1
Q

Hydrophobic waxy lipid on cell walls of acid fast bacteria

A

Mycolic Acid

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2
Q

Primary Stain in Acid Fast

A

Carbol Fuschin

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3
Q

Decolorizer in Acid Fast Staining

A

Acid Alcohol (Ethanol, HCl)

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4
Q

Counterstain in Acid Fast Staining

A

Methylene Blue

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5
Q

Methods of Acid Fast Staining

A

Ziehl-Neelsen Acid Fast Stain
Kinyoun Acid Fast Stain
Auramine-Rhodamine Fluorescent Acid Fast Stain

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6
Q

Ziehl-Neelsen Acid Fast Stain also known as

A

Hot Method Stain

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7
Q

Kinyoun Acid Fast Stain also known as

A

Cold Method Stain

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8
Q

In Ziehl-Neelsen, the slide is heated by what process?

A

Steam

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9
Q

Kinyoun Stain contains high concentration of ___ and ___

A

Basic Fuschin and Phenol

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10
Q

The most sensitive fluorescent stains for mycobacteria detection

A

Auramine-Rhodamine Fluorescent Acid Fast Stain

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11
Q

TF: Auramine-Rhodamine Fluorescent Acid Fast Stain is strongly absorbed by Mycobacterium tuberculosis

A

True

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12
Q

In UV light, bacterium is shown as ____ against dark background

A

Bright Yellow

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13
Q

Characteristics of Mycobacterium

A

*Rod-shaped
*Aerobic Bacteria
*No spores
*Mold-like appearance in liquid media
*Mycolic Acid (Cell wall)

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14
Q

Characteristics of M. tuberculosis

A

Obligate Aerobe
Contains Cord factor (Glycolipid) in parallel chains

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15
Q

Culture Media of used in M. tuberculosis

A

Lowenstein-Jensen Agar

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16
Q

Tuberculosis

A

Phthisis
Wasting Disease
The White Plague
Koch’s Bacillus

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17
Q

Transmission of M. tuberculosis

A

Inhalation of aerosols

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18
Q

Pathogenesis of Tuberculosis

A

In alveoli, release of cytokines and lymphokines, stimulation the release of monocytes and macrophages.

Mycobacteria multiply in macrophage. 1 - 2 months, lesions appears in lung

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19
Q

Signs and symptoms of M. leprosis

A

Cough (2 weeks)
Chest pain
Weakness/fatigue
Weight loss
Loss of appetite
Chills
Fever
Night sweats

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20
Q

Diagnosis For M. tuberculosis

A

Tuberculin Test/Mantoux
Chest X-ray
Sputum Smear

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21
Q

Time for interpretation of Tuberculin Test

22
Q

Result of Tuberculin test

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A

Hard induration
Pale elevation on skin

23
Q

Induration of 5 or more mm

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A

HIV-infected person
Contact with the infected person
Patient with organ transplant
Immunocompromised individuals

24
Q

Induration of 10 or more mm

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A

Recent immigrant
Injection drug user
High risk congregate settings
Mycobacteriology lab personnel
Persons with clinical condition
Children <4 age

25
Induration of 15 or more mm
Persons for no known factors for TB
26
TF: A positive result in Tuberculin test indicates that the patient has been infected in the past
True
27
TF: A positive result in Tuberculin test does not imply that active disease or immunity is present
True
28
Vaccine for M. tuberculosis
Bacille Calmette Guerin
29
First Line Drugs for Tuberculosis
Rifampicin Isoniazid Pyrazinamide Ethambutol Streptomycin
30
Phases of TB regimen
Intensive Phase: 2 months Continuation Phase: 4-7 months 6-9 months of treatment
31
Duration of treatment of Drug-Sensitive TB
6 months
32
Duration of treatment of Severe Drug-susceptible TB
12 months
33
Duration of treatment of Drug-Resistant TB
9-20 months
34
Regimen for Pulmonary TB and ExtraPTB
2 RHZE / 4 HR
35
Regimen for ExtraPTB
2 HRZE / 10 HR
36
Characteristics of M. leprae
In parallel bundles or globular mass Grows in 30C Grows in cooler area of body
37
Causes nerve damage
M. leprae
38
M. leprae is also known as
Hansen's Disease
39
Major forms of Leprosy
Tuberculoid Leprosy (Neural) Lepromatous Leprosy (Progressive)
40
Tuberculoid Leprosy
AKA Paucibillary Leprosy Benign and Non-progressive Strong T cell immune response Loss of Sensation Border of nodule
41
Result of Tuberculoid Leprosy on Lepromin test
Positive
42
Result of Lepromatous Leprosy on Lepromin test
Negative
43
Lepromatous Leprosy
AKA Multibacillary Leprosy Malignant and Progressive Weak T cell mediated response Hand disfigurement, Tissue necrosis
44
Treatment of Tuberculoid Leprosy
Dapsone + Rifampicin + Clofazamine for 6 mos
45
Treatment of Multibacillary Leprosy
Dapsone + Rifampicin + Clofazamine for 12 mos
46
Disease of immunocompetent patients
M. avium (M. avium-intracellulare)
47
Treatment of MAC
2-3 antimicrobials for 12 months Clarithromycin or Azithromycin Ethambutol Rifamycins
48
Chronic and difficult to treat pulmonary infection caused by nocardia
Nocardiosis
49
Localized destructive infection of hands or feet or subcutaneous
Mycetoma
50
Treatment of Nocardia asteroides
Co-trimoxazole

Microbiology (17 decks)

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