acids, alkalis and salts

Question 1

what is the Ph of the stongest acid

Answer 1

0

Question 2

what is the Ph of the strogest alkali

Answer 2

14

Question 3

what is the Ph of a neutral substance

Answer 3

7

Question 4

name the 4 main indicators

Answer 4

univeral indictor, phenophthalein, litmus paper and methyl orange

Question 5

describe univeral indiactor

Answer 5

uses a wide range of colours to give accurate reading

Question 6

describe litmus paper indicator

Answer 6

tests if a solution is neutral, acidic or alkaline. red in acid , purple in neutral and blue in alkaline solution s

Question 7

describe phenophthalein solution

Answer 7

changes from colurless in acid colutions to bright pink in alkaline solutions

Question 8

what is an acid

Answer 8

a source of h+ (hyrdogen) ions . They are proton donors

Question 9

what is a base

Answer 9

a substrate that can neutralise acid. It is a proton acceptor

Question 10

what are alkalies

Answer 10

soluble bases a source of hyrdoxide ions (OH-0

Question 11

what is the ractione between an acid and a base called

Answer 11

neutralisation

Question 12

ionic equation for neutralisation

Answer 12

H+(aq)+OH-(aq)–>H2O(l)

Question 13

what can acids react with

Answer 13

metals, metal oxides and metal carbonates

Question 14

what form when a acid and base react

Answer 14

salt+water

Question 15

what type of salt does hydrochloric acid produse

Answer 15

chlorides

Question 16

what type of salt does sulfuric acid produce

Answer 16

sulfates

Question 17

what type of salt does nitric acid produce

Answer 17

nitrates

Question 18

what is formed when acid and metal oxide react

Answer 18

salt+water

Question 19

what is formed when acid and metal hydroxide react

Answer 19

salt+water

Question 20

what is formed when acid and ammonia react

Answer 20

ammonia salt

Question 21

what is formed when an acid and metal carbonate react

Answer 21

slalt+water+carbon doxide

Question 22

what does a tritation do

Answer 22

allows you to find out how much acid it needed to neutralise and alkali (or vise versa)

Question 23

how do you carry out tritation

Answer 23

using a pippete and pippert filler add some alkali(25cm3) to a conical flask and with 3 drops of thenothphalein indicator. Fill a biruette with acid, make sure you do this below eye level. Using the burette add the acid to the alkaline a bit at a time and give the conical flask a regular swirl, go slower towards the end point. Record the reading and repeat to get co coordinate results

Question 24

how do you work out number of moles

Answer 24

concentration*volume

Question 25

are common salts of sodium,pottasium and ammonia soluble or insoluble

Answer 25

soluble

Question 26

are all nitrates soluble or insoluble

Answer 26

soluble

Question 27

are common chlorides soluble or insoluble

Answer 27

all are soluble except sliver chloride and lead chloride

Question 28

are common sulfates oluble or insoluble

Answer 28

insoluble execpt sodium potassium and ammonium sulfate

Question 29

are common hydroxides soluble or insoluble

Answer 29

insoluble exexpt sodium pottasium and calcium

Question 30

whar reaction do you use to get a pure dry sample of a insoluble salt

Answer 30

precipitation reaction

Question 31

how do you make lead sulfate (insoluble)

Answer 31

add one spatula of lead nitrate to a test tube with deionised water to dissolve it.Then in a seperate test tube do the same with magnesium sulfate. Then tip the 2 solutions into a beaker and stir , a lead sulfate precipitate should form, pour contents into filter paper and scrape out precipitate

Question 32

how do you make soluble salts

Answer 32

reacting an acid that contains one of the ions you want in a salt with an insoluble base that contains the other ion you need.( Often a metal hydroxide or metal oxide) Start by heating up the acid in a hot water bath , then add the base to the acid, the base and acid will then react to form a soluble salt(and water). Filter the exexs solid sp only the salt andwater is left. Heat the solution to remove some of the water.

Question 33

how do you make insoluable salts

Answer 33

to make insoluable salts you need to use the precipitation method - pick the 2 right soluble salts and mix them together to get an isoluable salt e.g to make lead sulfate (insoluble) mix lead nitrate and magnesium sulfate (both soluble)

Question 34

how do you make soluble salts using an acid and alkali

Answer 34

First you do a tritation to work out how much alkali is needed to neutralise the acid. Then do the same as a tritation but with no indicator and slowly evaporate off some of the watet to leave crytals