Acids, alkalis, and salts

Question 1

What two substances have a pH of 1?

Answer 1

Car battery acid and stomach acid

Question 2

What substances have a pH of 3 (2 of them), 4, 5?

Answer 2

Lemon juice and vinegar, acid rain, normal rain

Question 3

What substances have a pH of 8, 10, 11, 12, 13?

Answer 3

Washing up liquid, pancreatic juice, soap powder, bleach, caustic soda drain cleaner.

Question 4

What do you use to test pH?

Answer 4

Indicator

Question 5

What is an acid? What do they form in water?

Answer 5

A substance with a pH of less than 7, H+ ions in water

Question 6

What is an BASE?

Answer 6

A substance with a pH grater than 7

Question 7

What is an alkali? What happens when in water?

Answer 7

A BASE that dissolves in water. They form OH- ions in water.

Question 8

What do H+ ions do to solutions, and OH-?

Answer 8

Make solutions acidic, make solutions alkaline.

Question 9

What is the reaction between acids and bases called?

What state are the products in (pH), what can be used to show this?

Answer 9

Neutralisation

Neutral, Universal Indicator

Question 10

What is the word equation for a neutralisation reaction?

Answer 10

Acid + BASE = Salt + water

Question 11

What is the word symbol for a neutralisation reaction?

Answer 11

H+ + OH- = H2O (aq) (aq) (l)

Question 12

What does... stand for?
S
L
Aq
G

Answer 12

Solid
Liquid
Aqueous
Gas

Question 13

Write the word equation for a metal and acid reacting…

Answer 13

Acid + Metal = Salt + hydrogen

Question 14

The more reactive the metal the…

Answer 14

faster the reaction will go.

Question 15

The name of the slat produced depends on…

Answer 15

which acid is used.

Question 16

What salt will hydrochloric acid always produce?
2HCl + Mg =
6HCl + 2Al =
2HCl + Zn =

Answer 16

Chloride salts…
MgCl2 + H2 Magnesium chloride
2AlCl3 + 3H2 Aluminium Chloride
ZnCl2 + H2 Zinc Chloride

Question 17

What salt will sulfuric acid acid always produce?
H2SO4 + Mg =
3H2SO4 + 2Al =
H2SO4 + Zn =

Answer 17

Sulfate salts…
MgSO4 + H2 Magnesium Sulphate
Al2(SO4)3 + 3H2 Aluminium Sulphate
ZnSO4 + H2 Zinc sulphate

Question 18

Nitric acid produces…

but it reacts with….. to produce …. instead.

Answer 18

Nitrates

metals to produce nitrogen oxides

Question 19

Metal oxides and hydroxides are…

Answer 19

BASES

Question 20

Some Metal oxides and hydroxides do what in water?

Answer 20

Dissolve

Question 21

The Metal oxides and hydroxides that dissolve in water are called what?

Answer 21

Alkalis

Question 22

Bases that don’t dissolve in water still…

Answer 22

react with acid

Question 23

So all Metal oxides and hydroxides react with … to get…
Write the word equations for these…
acid + metal oxide =
acid + metal hydroxide =

Answer 23

Acid to get salt and water.
Salt + water
Salt + water

Question 24

What type of reaction is acid + Metal oxide or hydroxide

Answer 24

Neutralisation

Question 25

What decides what salt you get when neutralising Metal oxides and hydroxides e.g Hydrochloric acid + copper oxide =

Answer 25

The metal and acid Copper chloride and water

Question 26

What can ammonia be neutralised with to make a good fertiliser?

Answer 26

HNO3, Nitric acid

Question 27

What is the formula for ammonia

Answer 27

NH3

Question 28

What does ammonia dissolve into in water?

Answer 28

An alkaline solution

Question 29

When ammonia's alkaline solution reacts with .... you get a .... called...

Answer 29

Nitric acid you get a neutral salt called ammonium nitrate

Question 30

What is he symbol and word equation for the neutralisation of ammonia? What is not produced that normally is in a neutralisation reaction?

Answer 30

NH3 + HNO3 = NH4NO3 (aq all the way through) ammonia + nitric acid = ammonium nitrate Water

Question 31

Why is ammonium nitrate a good fertiliser?

Answer 31

It has two sources of nitrogen, the ammonia and nitric acid, a double dose, and plants need this to make proteins.

Question 32

Most oxides and hydroxides are..... in water.

Answer 32

Insoluble

Question 33

Making soluble salts from a metal or insoluble base: 1. Pick a metal or ... and the right acid for the salt you want 2. Add the two together, the .... will dissolve in the .. as it reacts. 3. You will know when all the acid has been .... because the excess ... will ..... . 4. Then.......... the excess metal or ............ or....... to get the salt solution. 5. To get......... of salt evaporate some of the ..... to make the solution more......... the leave the rest to ....... very slowly, this is called ...............

Answer 33

1. an insoluble base, metal hydroxide or oxide 2. solid in the acid 3. neutralised .... metal or metal oxide/hydroxide will sink to the bottom of the flask. 4. filter... oxide or hydroxide 5. pure solid crystals of salt.... water... concentrated... evaporate ... Crystallisation.

Question 34

Making soluble salts using an alkali.. a BASE that dissolves in water: 1. Add exactly the right amount of... to ... the acid 2. Use ... to check if the solution is fully.... 3. Then ... the experiment so that the products aren't ... with indicator 4. Then... the water to ... the salt as normal

Answer 34

1. alkali, neutralise 2. Universal indicator ... neutralised 3. repeat.... contaminated 4. The evaporate off the water to crystallise

Question 35

Why can't you use crystallisation using an alkali?

Answer 35

You can't see when the reaction's finished because you can't just add excess solid to neutralise all the acid.

Question 36

Making insoluble salts... 1. Pick two .... containing the .... you need 2. For example to make lead chloride mix lead nitrate ... with ... ions, for example mix ..... with ..... 3. As the salt is .... it will ..... out to the bottom of the flask 4. You then...... it from the .... , .. it and dry it on ... paper

Answer 36

Precipitation reactions 1. solutions ... ions 2. ...ions with chloride ions, for example mix lead nitrate solution with.. sodium chloride solution. 3. insoluble... precipitate out... 4. filter it from the solution, wash it dry it on filter paper.

Question 37

How many experiments are there for making salts? What are they? Making ... salts from....

Answer 37

3 Soluble salts from an insoluble base (or metal) Soluble slats from an alkali Insoluble salts using two solutions containing the wanted ions.

Question 38

What can precipitation reactions be used for? Water (2) Waste

Answer 38

Removing poisonous ions from drinking water (lead). Magnesium and calcium can be removed, they make water "hard", stopping soap lathering properly, Treating effluent (sewage) removing unwanted ions.