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Acids, Alkalis (Math Vision Notes) Flashcards

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1
Q

What is an acid?

A

Acids give out H+ ions when dissolved in water.

Acids are known as proton donors.

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2
Q

What do acids release in solution?

A

Acids release H+ ions when dissolved in water.

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3
Q

What are acids known as?

A

Acids are known as proton donors.

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4
Q

What is the composition of H+?

A

H+ only has a proton.

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5
Q

What is a proton?

A

A proton has a mass of 1 and is positively charged.

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6
Q

What is an electron?

A

An electron has a mass of 1 but is negatively charged.

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7
Q

What is a neutron?

A

A neutron has a mass of 1 and is neutral.

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8
Q

How are acids formed?

A

Acids are formed when cations (positively charged ions) bond with anions (negatively charged ions).

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9
Q

What are examples of anions that can form acids?

A

Group VII halides (F-, Cl-, Br-, I-) can form acids.

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10
Q

What is a characteristic of acids in water?

A

Acids cannot form an insoluble compound in water.

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11
Q

What are polyatomic ions that can form acids?

A

Polyatomic ions that can form acids include: Ammonium (NH4+), Nitrate (NO3-), Sulfate (SO4^2-), Phosphate (PO4^3-).

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12
Q

What is an example of a reaction involving hydroxide?

A

H+ + OH- -> H2O

This reaction shows the formation of water from hydrogen and hydroxide ions.

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13
Q

What is the prefix for acids?

A

Hydro

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14
Q

What is the suffix for acids?

A

-ic acid

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15
Q

What is an example of a hydro acid?

A

Hydro-fluoric acid, Hydrochloric acid, Hydrobromic acid, Hydroiodic acid

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16
Q

What is an example of a non-hydro acid?

A

Sulfuric acid, Nitric acid, Phosphoric acid, Carbonic acid

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17
Q

What are the physical properties of acids?

A

Acids have a sour taste, are soluble in water, and can conduct electricity in aqueous state.

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18
Q

How do acids affect litmus paper?

A

Acids turn blue litmus red.

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19
Q

What is the pH of an acid?

A

pH < 7

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20
Q

What is the pH of a base?

A

pH > 7

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21
Q

What is formed when an acid reacts with a metal?

A

Salt + Hydrogen gas

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22
Q

What is formed when an acid reacts with a metal carbonate?

A

Salt + Carbon dioxide + Water

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23
Q

What is the pH of a neutral solution?

A

pH = 7

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24
Q

What are salts?

A

Ionic compounds containing metal ions and ammonium ion

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25
What ions are associated with acids?
NO3-, SO4^2-, PO4^3-
26
What ions are associated with bases?
OH- and O^2-
27
What is formed when a metal reacts with sulfuric acid?
A sulfate salt and hydrogen gas are formed.
28
What is the chemical formula for sulfuric acid?
H2SO4
29
What is the result of calcium reacting with sulfuric acid?
Calcium sulfate and hydrogen gas are produced. ## Footnote Example: Ca + H2SO4 -> CaSO4 + H2(g)
30
What is the chemical formula for calcium sulfate?
CaSO4
31
What is formed when a metal reacts with nitric acid?
A nitrate salt and hydrogen gas are produced.
32
What is the chemical formula for nitric acid?
HNO3
33
What is the result of magnesium reacting with nitric acid?
Magnesium nitrate and hydrogen gas are produced. ## Footnote Example: Mg + 2HNO3 -> Mg(NO3)2 + H2(g)
34
What is the chemical formula for magnesium nitrate?
Mg(NO3)2
35
What metals cannot react with acids?
Copper, silver, gold, and platinum cannot displace hydrogen ions (H+) and are unreactive with acids.
36
How can you test for hydrogen gas?
Place a lit splint near the gas. ## Footnote A pop sound indicates the presence of hydrogen gas.
37
What is the reaction of an acid with a metal carbonate?
Acid + metal carbonate produces salt, carbon dioxide, and water.
38
What is the reaction equation for hydrochloric acid and sodium carbonate?
2HCl (aq) + Na2CO3 (aq) → 2NaCl + CO2 (g) + H2O (l)
39
What observation indicates a reaction between acid and metal carbonate?
The reaction extinguishes a lit splint with a pop sound.
40
What is carbon dioxide?
A colorless gas produced by burning carbon and organic compounds and by respiration. ## Footnote It is absorbed by plants in photosynthesis.
41
What is a delivery tube?
A tube used to transport gases or liquids from one location to another.
42
What should not touch the solution in an experiment?
The delivery tube should not touch the solution to prevent contamination.
43
What might interfere with the experiment?
Contaminants or improper handling of the equipment might interfere.
44
What happens in the HTH experiment?
HI is sucked up into the delivery tube and reacts with hydrochloric acid (HCl).
45
What is the purpose of the stopper?
To seal the apparatus and prevent gas escape.
46
What is limewater used for?
To test for the presence of carbon dioxide (CO2).
47
How do you test for CO2?
Bubble gas through limewater and observe the reaction.
48
What indicates the presence of CO2 in limewater?
Limewater turns milky or cloudy when CO2 is present.
49
What is a base?
Any metal oxide or hydroxide that produces OH- ions in water.
50
What are alkalis?
Soluble bases that dissolve in water.
51
What are examples of bases?
Metal oxides and hydroxides are known as bases.
52
What is the taste and feeling of bases?
Bases have a bitter taste and a soapy feeling.
53
Are alkalis soluble in water?
Yes, alkalis are soluble in water.
54
Can alkalis conduct electricity?
Yes, alkalis can conduct electricity.
55
What happens to red litmus paper when exposed to a base?
A base turns red litmus blue.
56
What is the reaction between sulfuric acid and potassium hydroxide?
H2SO4 (sulfuric acid) + 2KOH (potassium hydroxide) → K2SO4 + 2H2O.
57
What is a net ionic equation?
A net ionic equation splits the reactants into ions and does not include solids, liquids, or gases.
58
What are the ions in the net ionic equation for the reaction of an acid and a base?
H+ + OH- → H2O.
59
What is the taste and feeling of bases?
Bases have a bitter taste and a soapy feeling.
60
Are alkalis soluble in water?
Yes, alkalis are soluble in water.
61
Can alkalis conduct electricity?
Yes, alkalis can conduct electricity.
62
What happens to red litmus paper when exposed to a base?
A base turns red litmus blue.
63
What is the reaction between sulfuric acid and potassium hydroxide?
H2SO4 (sulfuric acid) + 2KOH (potassium hydroxide) → K2SO4 + 2H2O.
64
What is a net ionic equation?
A net ionic equation splits the reactants into ions and does not include solids, liquids, or gases.
65
What are the ions in the net ionic equation for the reaction of an acid and a base?
H+ + OH- → H2O.

Chemistry (6 decks)

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