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Chemistry > Acids and Alkali > Flashcards

Acids and Alkali Flashcards

1
Q

Define acid.

A

An acid is a substance which ionises completely to form hydrogen ions in water.

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2
Q

What are the two types of acids?

A 
Mineral acids (man made) 
Organic acids (found naturally) (weaker)
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3
Q

________ before acids can ionize to form hydrogen ions.

A

Water must be present before acids can ionize to form hydrogen ions. The hydrogen ions present in the acids enable the acid to exhibit the acidic property.

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4
Q

Give four general properties of acids.

A

Acids are corrosive
Acids have a sour taste
Acids have pH less than 7 and turn litmus paper from blue to red.
Aqueous solutions of acids are good electrical conductors.

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5
Q

Acids + Reactive Metal= _______

A

Acids react with reactive metals to form salt and hydrogen gas.
Acid + Reactive Metal = Salt + Hydrogen

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6
Q

What are salts called when they are formed with sulfuric acid?

A

Sulfate

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7
Q

What are salts called when they are formed with nitric acid?

A

Nitrate

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8
Q

What are salts called when they are formed with hydrochloric acids?

A

Chlorides

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9
Q

Traits of Hydrogen gas.

A

Colourless, odourless gas.

Effervescence will be observed in the experiment as the insoluble hydrogen gas tries to escape from the test tube.

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10
Q

How does one test for Hydrogen gas?

A

Hold a burning splint near mouth of test tube where gas is given off. If splint is extinguished with a “pop” sound, shows that hydrogen gas is given off.

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11
Q

Hydrochloric acid + Calcium =

A

Calcium chloride + hydrogen

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12
Q

Sulfuric acid + Magnesium =

A

Magnesium Sulfate + Hydrogen

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13
Q

Nitric acid + Zinc=

A

Zinc Nitrate + Hydrogen

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14
Q

Sulfuric acid + iron

A

Iron(II) Sulfate + Hydrogen

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15
Q

Nitric acid + Nickel=

A

Nickel Nitrate + Hydrogen

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16
Q

Acids react with all carbonates to form ________.

A

Acids react with all carbonates to form salt, carbon dioxide, and water.

17
Q

acid + metal carbonate=

A

salt+ carbon dioxide + water

18
Q

Traits of Carbon dioxide gas.

A

Colourless,
Odourless gas
Effervescence will be observed in the experiment as the slightly soluble carbon dioxide gas tries to escape from the test-tube.

19
Q

State the test for Carbon dioxide.

A

If gas forms white precipitate in the limewater, the gas is carbon dioxide.

20
Q

Nitric acid + Zinc carbonate =

A

Zinc Nitrate + carbon dioxide + water

21
Q

Hydrochloric acid + copper (II) carbonate

A

Copper (II) chloride + Carbon dioxide + Water

22
Q

Sulfuric acid + Iron (II) Carbonate

A

Iron (II) Sulfate + Carbon dioxide + water

23
Q

Acids + Alkalis =

A

Salt and water

24
Q

What is the chemical reaction of acids and alkalis?

A

Neutralization reaction.

25
Q

Hydrochloric acid + Sodium Hydroxide

A

Sodium Chloride + Water

26
Q

Sulfuric acid + Potassium hydroxide=

A

Potassium Sulfate + Water

27
Q

Nitric acid + Sodium hydroxide =

A

Sodium Nitrate + Water

28
Q

What are the uses of acids?

A

To make fertilizers, paints
To preserve food
To remove rust from steel/ Iron

29
Q

Define Alkalis

A

An alkali is a substance which hydroxide ions OH^- in aqueous solution.

30
Q

Name some common alkalis

A

Sodium hydroxide
Potassium Hydroxide
Calcium Hydroxide

31
Q

What are the general properties of Alkalis

A

Concentrated alkalis are corrosive
Alkalis have bitter tastes and a soapy feeling
Alkalis have above 7 and turns red litmus paper blue
Alkalis are good electrical conductors.

32
Q

When alkalis are heated with any ammonium salt form _________.

A

Alkali, when heated with any ammonium salt, form ammonia gas, salt and water.

33
Q

Traits of ammonia.

A

Colourless

Pungent gas

34
Q

State the test for ammonia.

A

Place a damp red litmus paper near the mouth of the test tube.
If the colourless pungent gas turns the red litmus paper blue, ammonia is present.

Chemistry (7 decks)

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