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Chemistry GCSE > Acids And Alkalis > Flashcards

Acids And Alkalis Flashcards

1
Q

what happens when an acid reacts with a base

A

They neutralise each other: acid + base —> salt + water

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2
Q

What is the reactivity series

A

Please(potassium) Stop(sodium) lying(lithium), calling(calcium) me(magnesium) a(aluminium) careless(carbon) zebra(zinc) instead(iron) try(tin) learning(lead) how(hydrogen) copper saves(silver) gold platinum

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3
Q

What are the 3 main acids

A
  • Hydrochloric: HCl
  • Sulfuric acid: H2SO4
  • Nitric acid: HNO3
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4
Q

Metal + acid —->

A

Metal + acid —> salt + hydrogen

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5
Q

Metal oxide + acid

A

Metal oxide + acid —> salt + water

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6
Q

Metal hydroxide + acid

A

Metal hydroxide + acid —> metal salt + water

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7
Q

Metal carbonate + acid

A

Metal carbonate + acid —> metal salt + carbon dioxide + water

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8
Q

Ammonia + acid

A

Ammonia + acid —> ammonium ions

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9
Q

What is the symbol for hydroxide

A

OH(-1 charge)

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10
Q

What is symbol for sulfate

A

SO4 (2- charge)

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11
Q

What is symbol for Carbonate

A

CO3(2- charge)

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12
Q

What is symbol for nitrate

A

NO3 (- charge)

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13
Q

How do you make a soluble salt

A
  • pick an acid and an insoluble base
  • gently warm dilute acid using Bunsen burner
  • turn it off
  • add insoluble base to acid, wait for it to react
  • Now there should be some excess left over
  • filter out the excess to get the salt solution
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14
Q

What pH does stomach acid typically have?

A

About 2

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15
Q

The pH of a solution can be measured using a type of chemical dye that changes colour, depending on the pH of the substance it’s mixed with.

This chemical dye is usually referred to as:

A

Universal indicator

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16
Q

Universal indicator is made up of….

A
  • several different indicator solutions.
  • This means that it undergoes a smooth colour change over a wide range of pH values.
  • It becomes more red in colour in acidic solutions,
  • but more bluey-purple in alkaline solutions.
17
Q

pH of pure water

A

7

18
Q

reasons why using a pH probe may be more reliable than using an indicator.

A
  • A probe produces a more accurate result
  • Determining the colour of an indicator is subjective
19
Q

A substance that forms an aqueous solution with a pH less than 7 is…

A

An acid

20
Q

What ion is responsible for making an alkaline pH when dissolved in solution

A

OH-

21
Q

When acid molecules are added to water and split apart, we say that they…

A

Ionise

22
Q

Do strong or weak acids completely ionise

A
  • Strong acids ionise completely
  • weak acids only partially ionise.
23
Q

Is the dissociation or ionising of weak acids a reversible reaction

A

Yes - the products can react together to reform the acid.

24
Q

For a weak acid, does the position of equilibrium lie to the left or the right?

A

Left

25
Q

Carbonic acid is described as a weak acid, explain why

A
  • It does not fully ionise to release hydrogen ions
  • It will form a solution with a pH of less than 7
26
Q

How do you describe the strength of acids

A

The proportion of acid molecules which dissociate into hydrogen ions

27
Q

The concentration of an acid refers to…

A

the number of moles of acid molecules per unit of volume.

28
Q

Is the strength of an acid is the same as its concentration.

A

No
- an acids strength refers to how well it ionises (dissociates) when added to water.
- its concentration refers to how many molecules there are per dm3 of solution.

29
Q

As the concentration of hydrogen ions in a solution increases, what happens to the pH?

A

The pH decreases

30
Q

What type of reaction is it when an acid and a base react together?

A

Neutralisation reaction

31
Q

What happens during neutralisation

A

During a neutralisation reaction, the positive hydrogen ions from the acid react with the negative hydroxide ions from the alkali to form molecules of water.

32
Q

How to obtain soluble salt crystals from an acid-base reaction

A

1) Place dilute acid in a beaker and heat gently.
2) Add the solid base bit by bit until it stops reacting, which means it’s in excess.
3) Isolate the salt solution by filtering out the excess solid base using filter paper and a funnel.
4) Heat the salt solution gently in a water bath until crystals start to form.
5) Let the solution cool further, which will cause more crystals to precipitate.
6) Filter out the soluble salt crystals using filter paper and funnel.

33
Q

When a soluble salt is formed from an acid and an insoluble base, how do you know when an excess of base has been added?

A

Some of the reactant will be left unreacted

Chemistry GCSE (33 decks)

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