Acids and bases

Question 1

Common household acids

Answer 1

vinegar,

citrus fruits,

cola drinks

nettle and ant bites

Question 2

common household bases

Answer 2

lime,

oven cleaner,

bleach,

bicarbonate of soda,

soap,

ammonia

Question 3

Examples of metal oxide bases

Answer 3

-lime (calcium oxide) -soda(sodium oxide) -magnesia(magnesium oxide) -pearl ash(potassium oxide)

Question 4

Examples of carbonate bases

Answer 4

limestone (calcium carbonate) marble(calcium carbonate) baking soda (sodium carbonate) potash(potassium carbonate)

Question 5

Neutruelisation equation

Answer 5

Base + acid ==> salt + water

Question 6

What is the combound and state of carbonates and metal oxides

Answer 6

-bases are ionic compounds, -therefore solids at room temperature

Question 7

How are most alkalais made?

Answer 7

Most alkalis are made by dissolving a metal oxide in water .

Question 8

How are most acids made?

Answer 8

Most acids are made by dissolving soluble non-metal oxides in water

Question 9

Neutralisation has happened when….

Answer 9

number of H+(aq) ions = number of OH—(aq) ions

Question 10

what is this ?

Answer 10

^{when waters polar covalents break up}

Question 11

Alkalai is when…

Answer 11

number of H+(aq) ions< number of OH-(aq) ions

Question 12

Acid is when the ….

Answer 12

number of H+(aq) ions > number of OH—(aq) ions

Question 13

What is neutralisation?

Answer 13

Neutralisation is a reaction in which the pH of a solution moves towards 7.

Question 14

Whats the main cause of acid rain?

Answer 14

Non metal oxides

Question 15

Bases are?

Answer 15

Insoluble solids

Question 16

Alkalais are ?

Answer 16

Soluble solutions

Question 17

Whats equation of the reaction between metal oxides(base) and acids?

Answer 17

metal oxide +an acid –> salt + water

Question 18

Whats the equation of the reaction between soluble metal oxides/metal hyroxides and acids?

Answer 18

Metal hydroxide + an acid –> salt + water

Question 19

What is the equation of the reaction between soluble metal carbonates / insoluble metal carbonates?

Answer 19

Metal carbonate + an acid –> salt + water + CO2

Question 20

Everyday examples of neutralisation?

Answer 20

• Lime (calcium oxide) is used to reduce acidity in soil and water.
• Cures for acid indigestion contain neutralisers such as calcium carbonate. Wasp stings (base) can be neutralised using vinegar (acid).
• Bee stings and Ant Bites (acid) can be neutralised using baking soda (base)

Question 21

How can soluble salts be made?

Answer 21

reacting excess insoluble metal oxides or metal carbonates with a suitable acid

Question 22

How are insoluble salts made?

Answer 22

can be made by precipitation - two solutions combine to produce an insoluble precipitate of the salt

Question 23

equation of precipitation where an insoluble salt is made?

Answer 23

Question 24

Features of ammonia(special base)

Answer 24

colourless gas with a sharp, unpleasant smell.

Ammonia is a very soluble in water producing an alkaline solution.

Ammonia can neutralise an acid and form an ammonium salt.