Acids and bases

Question 1

Bronsted-Lowry Acid

Answer 1

proton/H+ donor

Question 2

Base -

Answer 2

proton/ H+ acceptor

Question 3

Conjugate acid of water

Answer 3

H3O+

Question 4

Conjugate base of water

Answer 4

OH-

Question 5

amphiprotic species ….

Answer 5

can be a proton donor or a proton acceptor

Question 6

A pair of species differing by a single proton is called

Answer 6

a conjugate acid-base pair

Question 7

amphoteric species …

Answer 7

can act as any kind of acid or base (includes amphiprotic)

Question 8

Amphoteric oxide

Answer 8

Aluminium oxide (Al2O3)

Question 9

conjugate base definition

Answer 9

species that is formed when an acid donates a proton

Question 10

Acid + metal =

Answer 10

salt + hydrogen

Question 11

Acid + metal hydroxide

Answer 11

= salt + water

Question 12

Acid + metal carbonate =

Answer 12

salt + carbon dioxide + water

Question 13

Acid + metal oxide =

Answer 13

salt +water

Question 14

Acid + hydrogen carbonate

Answer 14

= salt + water + carbon dioxide

Question 15

Bases without OH-:

Answer 15

NH3
Na2CO3
NaHCO3

Question 16

why is the pH scale useful?

Answer 16

because it reduces a wide range of numbers to a small range

Question 17

[H+] (the concentration of hydrogen ions)

Answer 17

= 10^-pH

Question 18

Equilibrium constant of water (Kw)

Answer 18

= [H+][OH−] = 10^-14

Question 19

Strong acids ___ ionize

Answer 19

fully

Question 20

Weak acids ____ ionize

Answer 20

partially

Question 21

Which has higher conductivity, strong or weak acids?

Answer 21

strong

Question 22

Which reacts faster, strong or weak acids?

Answer 22

strong

Question 23

A strong acid has a ____ conjugate base

Answer 23

weak

Question 24

A strong base has a ____ conjugate acid

Answer 24

weak

Question 25

natural sources of sulfur oxides

Answer 25

forest fires, volcanoes

Question 26

natural sources of nitrogen oxides

Answer 26

lightning, bacteria

Question 27

man-made sources of sulfur oxides

Answer 27

power stations, sulfide smelters

Question 28

man-made sources of nitrogen oxides

Answer 28

power stations, cars, planes

Question 29

why is rain naturally acidic?

Answer 29

Mostly due to carbonic acid

Question 30

carbonic acid equation

Answer 30

CO2 (g) + H2O(l) → H2CO3(aq)

Question 31

Process by which sulfurous acid is produced in the atmosphere

Answer 31

S(s) + O2(g) → SO2(g) | SO2(g) + H2O(l) → H2SO3(aq)

Question 32

Process by which sulfuric acid is produced in the atmosphere

Answer 32

S(s) + O2(g) → SO2(g) SO2(g) + ½O2(g) → SO3(g) SO3(g) + H2O(l) → H2SO4(aq)

Question 33

Process by which nitric acid is produced in the atmosphere

Answer 33

4NO2(g) + 2H2O(l) + O2 → 4HNO3

Question 34

Process by which nitric acid and nitrous acid are produced in the atmosphere

Answer 34

2NO2(g) + H2O(l) → HNO3(aq) *nitric acid* + HNO2(aq) *nitrous acid*

Question 35

A Lewis acid is

Answer 35

an electron pair acceptor

Question 36

A Lewis base is

Answer 36

an electron pair donor

Question 37

What distinguishes a strong base from a weak base?

Answer 37

Strong bases fully ionise, weak bases partially ionise

Question 38

Effects of carbonic acid on the natural world:

Answer 38

Corrodes limestone buildings, acidifies lakes