Acids and Bases Flashcards
What is an Acid according to Arrhenius
Produces H+ ions when dissolved in water. SUBSTANCE THAT CAN NEUTRALIZE A BASE BY REACTING WITH OH-!
Acid Taste
Sour
Acid feeling
Prickly, stinging feeling
Acid effect on Litmus
Changes litmus color from blue to red.
Bases according to Arrhenius
Produces OH- ions when dissolved in water. SUBSTANCE THAT CAN NEUTRALIZE AN ACID BY REACTING WITH H+IONS!
Bases taste
Taste bitter
Bases feeling
Slippery, soapy feeling
Bases effect on litmu
Changes color from red to blue
Strong acids/bases vs weak/bases acids
Strong- completely ionizes (split into atoms)(100%) when dissolved in water
Weak - Doesn’t completely ionize (<100%) when dissolved in water
Strong acids
- HCl (Hydrochloric acid)
- HBr (hydrobromic acid)
- HI (hydroiodic acid)
- HNO3 (nitric acid)
- HClO4 (perchloric acid)
- H2SO4 (Sulfuric acid) (first H)
Strong Bases
LiOH (Lithium hydroxide)
NaOH (Sodium Hydroxide)
KOH (Potassium hydroxide)
RbOH (Rubidium hydroxide)
CsOH (Cesium hydroxide)
Ca(OH)2 (Calcium hydroxide)
Sr(OH)2 (Strontium hydroxide)
Ba(OH)2 (Barium hydroxide)
Acids and bases react with each other (Neutralization)
- an ionic compound (salt) is produced
- water is produced if the base contains hydroxide ions
- H+ from the acid combines with the OH- from the base
Strong acid + Strong base
H+ + OH- -> H2O
Strong acid + weak base
Example:
Overall eqation: HCl(aq) + NH3(aq) -> NH4Cl(aq)
Produces a salt, no water.
Total Ionic equation: H+(aq) + NH3(aq) -> NH4+(aq)
Remove Cl- from both sides since it is a spectator.
Strong acid/weak base always H+ + B -> HB+
Weak acid + Strong base
Example:
Overall equation: HF(aq) + KOH(aq) ->KF(aq) + H2O(l)
Salt + water.
Total Ionic equation: HF(aq) +OH-(aq)-> F-(aq) + H2O(l)
Remove K+ from both sides since it is a spectator.
Weak acid/strong base always: HX + OH- -> X- +H2O
