Acids and Bases

Question 1

What is the pH of the mouth?

Answer 1

around 6.5

Question 2

pH of stomacj

Answer 2

Fasted pH: around 1-3
Fed pH: around 5.2-6.2

Question 3

pH of duodenum

Answer 3

Fasted pH: around 4-6.6
Fed pH: 5.2-6.2

Question 4

pH of Ileum and large intestine/colon

They’re both the same pH

Answer 4

7-8

Question 5

Examples of ionisable acidic drugs

Answer 5

Ascorbic acid
Penicilin G
Benzoid acid
Aspirin
Citric acid
Ibuprofen
(more but learn these just cuz)

Question 6

Examples of ionisable amphotericc drugs

Answer 6

Cetrizine
Thyroxine
Mesalazine
Ciprofloxacin
Melphalan

Question 7

Examples of ionisable basic drugs

Answer 7

Lidocaine
Adrenaline
Dextrometorphan
NIcotine
Tetracylclin
Serotonin
HIstamine

Question 8

Examples of non-ionisable drugs and excipients

Answer 8

Hydrocortisone
Glucose
Progesterone
Ethanol
Mannitol
Estradiol
Paracetamol
Cholesterol

Question 9

What is an electrolyte?

Answer 9

A molecule that will form ions when dissociated in a suitable solvent. (IE CATIONS AND ANIONS)

Question 9

What is a suitable solvent?

Answer 9

A polar one that is receptive to the charge separation

Question 10

What is polarity

Answer 10

A separation of opposite charges over a distance

Question 11

Electrolyte dissociation equation

Answer 11

XY + H20 -> X^+ +Y^-

Question 12

What do acids and bases do during electrolytic dissociation?

Answer 12

Acids give away protons
Bases accept protons

Question 13

Formula for electrolytic dissociation

Answer 13

eq = mol X valence

Question 14

What are strong electrolytes and give examples

Answer 14

Strong electrolytes and electrolytes that exist almost fully as ions in solution. E.g NaCl, HCL, sodium citrate, NaOH, KOH

Question 15

What are weak electrolytes and give examples

Answer 15

Electrolytes that exist as a mixture of unionised and ionised species. Dissociation is incomplete.
e.g Most drugs will be weak electrolytes, Ethanoic acids, amines like pryidine, histidine, methyl amine