Acids and Bases

Question 1

According to Arrhenius’ theory, what do acids release in water?

Answer 1

H⁺

Question 2

According to Arrhenius’ theory, what do bases release in water?

Answer 2

OH⁻

Question 3

According to Arrhenius’ theory, how can you identify if a compound is an acid?

Answer 3

It is ionic and the cation is hydrogen (H⁺)

Question 4

According to Arrhenius’ theory, how can you identify if a compound is a base?

Answer 4

It is ionic and the anion is hydroxide (OH⁻)

Question 5

According to Arrhenius’ theory, when you mix an acid and a base you get…

Answer 5

Water and a salt

Question 6

When you mix an acid and a base this is called a _______ reaction

Answer 6

Neutralization

Question 7

Complete the neutralization reaction and balance it: Ca(OH)₂ + HBr –>

Answer 7

Ca(OH)₂ + 2HBr –> 2H₂O + CaBr₂

Question 8

Acids taste ___

Answer 8

tart/sour

Question 9

Bases taste ___

Answer 9

bitter

Question 10

Acids have a ____ texture

Answer 10

Rough

Question 11

Bases have a ____ texture

Answer 11

Slippery

Question 12

Acids turn litmus paper ____ (colour)

Answer 12

Red

Question 13

Bases turn litmus paper ____ (colour)

Answer 13

Blue

Question 14

The pH of acids is over/under 7

Answer 14

under

Question 15

The pH of bases is over/under 7

Answer 15

over

Question 16

Acids/Bases/Both acids and bases conduct electricity

Answer 16

Both acids and bases

Question 17

According to the Bronsted-Lowry theory, what is an acid?

Answer 17

An acid is a substance that donates an H⁺ (a proton) to another substance

Question 18

According to the Bronsted-Lowry theory, what is a base?

Answer 18

A base is a substance that accepts an H⁺ (a proton) from another substance

Question 19

What is a Monoprotic acid?

Answer 19

An acid that donates one proton (ex. HCl, HBr)

Question 20

What is a Diprotic acid?

Answer 20

An acid that donates two protons (ex. H₂SO₄)

Question 21

What is a Triprotic acid?

Answer 21

An acid that donates three protons (ex. H₃PO₄)

Question 22

What is a Polyprotic acid?

Answer 22

An acid that donates more than one proton (not a specific amount)

Question 23

What is an Amphoteric substance?

Answer 23

A substance that can act as an acid and as a base

Question 24

What is an Amphiprotic substance?

Answer 24

A substance that can donate or accept protons

Question 25

Amphiprotic substances have a ____ charge and an easily removable ____

Answer 25

Negative, Hydrogen

Question 26

What is a strong acid/base?

Answer 26

An strong acid/base fully ionizes or dissociate in a solution (see strong acids/bases on table)

Question 27

What is a weak acid/base?

Answer 27

A weak acid/base does not fully ionize or dissociate in a solution. This results in an equilibrium with protons being constantly transferred

Question 28

Can you tell if an acid is weak by looking at the concentration?

Answer 28

No, the strength of an acid is dependent on the compound and concentration has no hold over that

Question 29

Which is the stronger acid?: HC₂O₄ or HC₆H₅O₇²⁻

Answer 29

HC₂O₄ (You must always check the acidity table in the data booklet)

Question 30

Which has the stronger concentration of H⁺?: HF or H₂S

Answer 30

HF - this is the same as asking what the stronger acid is, as the more hydrogen a substance has, the more acidic it is

Question 31

What is a conjugate acid/base pair?

Answer 31

A conjugate acid/base pair is a pair of chemical species which differ by one proton

Question 32

What do you have to do to find the conjugate acid of a substance?

Answer 32

Add a proton (H⁺)

Question 33

How do you find the conjugate base of a substance?

Answer 33

Remove a proton (*if applicable*)

Question 34

What is the relationship between [H3O+] and [OH-] in a neutral solution?

Answer 34

[H₃O⁺] = [OH⁻]

Question 35

What is the relationship between [H3O+] and [OH-] in an acidic solution?

Answer 35

[H₃O⁺] > [OH⁻]

Question 36

What is the relationship between [H3O+] and [OH-] in a basic solution?

Answer 36

[H₃O⁺] < [OH⁻]

Question 37

When a strong acid reacts with a strong base, a great deal of _____ is released

Answer 37

Heat

Question 38

What is the self-ionization of water?

Answer 38

When water ionizes to hydrogen and water (H₂O + heat —> H⁺ + OH⁻)

Question 39

The self-ionization of water can be written in two ways:

Answer 39

1) H₂O + heat --> H⁺ + OH⁻ 2) 2H₂O + heat --> H₃O⁺ + OH⁻

Question 40

The equilibrium expression for the self-ionization of water is (number):

Answer 40

Kw = 1.00x10-14 (at 25°)

Question 41

What is the equation for Kw?

Answer 41

[H⁺][OH⁻] or [H₃O⁺][OH⁻]