Acids and bases Flashcards
Q: What is an acid?
A substance that donates hydrogen ions (H⁺) in a solution.
What is a base
A substance that donates hydroxide ions (OH-) or accepts hydrogen ions in a solution
Name three common properties of acids.
Sour taste, react with metals to produce hydrogen gas, turn blue litmus red.
Name three common properties of bases.
Bitter taste, slippery feel, turn red litmus blue.
What is the pH scale?
A scale from 0 to 14 that measures how acidic or basic a solution is.
What is the pH of a neutral substance?
7 (e.g., pure water).
What pH range do acids fall into?
Less than 7.
What pH range do bases fall into?
Greater than 7.
What ion is associated with acids?
H⁺ (hydrogen ion).
What ion is associated with bases?
OH⁻ (hydroxide ion).
Is lemon juice an acid or base? Why?
Acid – it contains citric acid and has a sour taste.
Is ammonia (NH₃) an acid or a base?
Base – it increases OH⁻ concentration in solution.
Name one acid found in the stomach.
Hydrochloric acid (HCl).
What common base is found in soap?
Sodium hydroxide (NaOH).
Give an example of a neutral substance.
Distilled water.
Is vinegar acidic or basic? What is its main acid?
Acidic – contains acetic acid.
Is baking soda an acid or a base?
Base – it's sodium bicarbonate.
What acid is found in soft drinks?
Carbonic acid or phosphoric acid.
Why do antacids relieve heartburn?
They are basic and neutralize excess stomach acid.
What base is commonly found in bleach?
Sodium hypochlorite (a strong base).
What is a chemical indicator?
A substance that changes color depending on the pH of a solution.
What color does litmus paper turn in an acid?
Red.
What color does litmus paper turn in a base?
Blue.
What color is phenolphthalein in a base?
Pink.
