acids and bases

Question 1

What is the definition of an acid?

Answer 1

An acid is a substance that donates protons (H+) in a chemical reaction.

Question 2

What is the definition of a base?

Answer 2

A base is a substance that accepts protons (H+) or donates hydroxide ions (OH-) in a chemical reaction.

Question 3

True or False: Acids turn blue litmus paper red.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

Fill in the blank: The pH scale ranges from ___ to ___.

Answer 4

0 to 14

Question 5

What is a strong acid?

Answer 5

A strong acid is an acid that completely dissociates in water.

Question 6

What is a weak base?

Answer 6

A weak base is a base that partially dissociates in water.

Question 7

What is the pH of a neutral solution at 25°C?

Answer 7

7

Question 8

Name one example of a strong base.

Answer 8

Sodium hydroxide (NaOH)

Question 9

What does the term ‘neutralization’ refer to?

Answer 9

Neutralization is a reaction between an acid and a base that produces water and a salt.

Question 10

True or False: All acids taste sour.

Answer 10

True

Question 11

What is the formula for hydrochloric acid?

Answer 11

HCl

Question 12

Multiple choice: Which of the following is a property of bases? A) Sour taste B) Slippery feel C) Turns red litmus blue

Answer 12

B and C

Question 13

What is the Arrhenius definition of an acid?

Answer 13

An Arrhenius acid is a substance that increases the concentration of hydrogen ions (H+) in aqueous solution.

Question 14

What is the Arrhenius definition of a base?

Answer 14

An Arrhenius base is a substance that increases the concentration of hydroxide ions (OH-) in aqueous solution.

Question 15

Fill in the blank: The conjugate base of HCl is ___.

Answer 15

Cl-

Question 16

What is the significance of the pKa value?

Answer 16

The pKa value indicates the strength of an acid; lower pKa values correspond to stronger acids.

Question 17

True or False: A buffer solution resists changes in pH upon the addition of small amounts of acid or base.

Answer 17

True

Question 18

What is the role of water in acid-base reactions?

Answer 18

Water acts as both an acid and a base in many acid-base reactions.

Question 19

What is an amphoteric substance?

Answer 19

An amphoteric substance can act as either an acid or a base, depending on the reaction.

Question 20

Name a common use for sulfuric acid (H2SO4).

Answer 20

It is commonly used in batteries.

Question 21

What is the formula for acetic acid?

Answer 21

CH3COOH

Question 22

Multiple choice: Which of the following describes a Lewis acid? A) Electron pair donor B) Electron pair acceptor C) Proton donor

Answer 22

B

Question 23

Fill in the blank: The pH of a solution decreases when an ___ is added.

Answer 23

acid

Question 24

What is the difference between a monoprotic and a diprotic acid?

Answer 24

A monoprotic acid donates one proton, while a diprotic acid donates two protons.

Question 25

What is the chemical equation for the neutralization of hydrochloric acid with sodium hydroxide?

Answer 25

HCl + NaOH → NaCl + H2O

Question 26

True or False: Strong acids have higher pH values than weak acids.

Answer 26

False

Question 27

What is the relationship between pH and pOH in a solution?

Answer 27

pH + pOH = 14