Acids and Bases

Question 0

What is a base?

Answer 0

A base is a substance that causes red litmus paper to turn blue

Question 1

What is an acid?

Answer 1

An acid is a substance that causes blue litmus paper to turn red.

Question 2

Name three everyday acids

Answer 2

lemon juice (citric acid)
rain water (carbonic acid)
Vinegar

Question 3

Name two lab acids

Answer 3

hydrochloric acid (HCl)
Sulphuric acid (H2SO4)

Question 4

Name three everyday bases

Answer 4

Toothpaste
Bleach
Indigestion tablets

Question 5

Name three lab bases

Answer 5

Sodium hydroxide (NaOH)
Calcium carbonate (CaCO3)
Limewater Ca(OH)2

Question 6

What is a pH scale? (what it is/ looks like)

Answer 6

A scale which runs from 0 -> 14

Question 7

What does the pH scale do?

Answer 7

Indicates the level of acidity or basicity of a substance

Question 8

What is the pH of neutral solutions?

Answer 8

7

Question 9

What is the pH of acids?

Answer 9

less than 7

Question 10

What pH do alkalis have?

Answer 10

greater than 7

Question 11

What is water in terms of pH?

Answer 11

Neutral

Question 12

What is an indicator?

Answer 12

An indicator is a chemical which shows, by means of a colour change, whether a substance is an acid or a base. e.g. litmus paper, universal indicator

Question 13

Name two indicators

Answer 13

litmus paper

universal indicator

Question 14

What is universal indicator paper used for?/how is it used

Answer 14

Universal indicator paper is used to measure the pH of a substance. The colour it changes to can be compared to a colour chart to find the pH

Question 15

When does a neutralisation reaction occur?

Answer 15

A neutralisation reaction occurs when an acid and a base react together and neutralise each other to form a salt and water.

Question 16

write out the changes that occur in a neutralisation reaction including the substances HCl (hydrochloric acid) and NaOH (sodium hydroxide)

Answer 16

Acid + Base —> Salt + water

HCl + NaOH —-> NaCl + H2O

Question 17

Write out experiment “to neutralise a base by titration.

Answer 17

on it boss!

Question 18

What do an acid and a carbonate react to form?

write out the formula.

Answer 18

salt, water and carbon dioxide
Acid + Carbonate = Salt + Water + Carbon dioxide
2HC + CaCO3 = CaCl2 + H2O + CO2

Question 19

What is a fuel?

Answer 19

A fuel burns in oxygen to give out heat

Question 20

write out experiment to investigate the reaction between zinc and hydrochloric acid and test for hydrogen

Answer 20

dattebayo

Question 21

When a piece of zinc meets with hydrochloric acid what is formed?
write out the formula

Answer 21

hydrogen gas and zinc chloride
Zn + 2HCl = ZnCl2 + H2
Zinc + Hydrochloric acid = Zinc chloride + hydrogen

Question 22

Write out the experiment to test for hydrogen.

Answer 22

Ahora

Question 23

In the test for hydrogen when you bring a lit taper to the mouth of the test tube what happens?

Answer 23

a loud pop is heard

Question 24

What is the diagram for fire called?

Answer 24

The fire triangle

Question 25

What do you need to make fire?

Answer 25

fuel, oxygen and heat

Question 26

What happens if a fire lacks oxygen, heat or fuel?

Answer 26

fire will not be made

Question 27

What are fossil fuels? give three examples

Answer 27

the remains of plants and animals that lived millions of years ago e.g. coal, petrol, oil.

Question 28

What can fossil fuels also be known as?

Answer 28

hydrocarbons

Question 29

what are the two main elements that fossil fuels are made of

Answer 29

Hydrogen and Carbon

Question 30

what is natural gas made of?

Answer 30

Methane CH4

Question 31

What is the simplest hydrocarbon?

Answer 31

methane CH4

Question 32

What do fossil fuels produce when they are burned?

Answer 32

Water vapour and carbon dioxide. they can also form sulphur dioxide.

Question 33

What is formed when carbon dioxide and sulphur dioxide are are dissolved in rainwater.

Answer 33

Acid rain

Question 34

water + carbon dioxide = | Water + sulphur dioxide =

Answer 34

carbonic acid | Sulphuric acid

Question 35

What is carbonic acid made of?

Answer 35

carbon dioxide and water

Question 36

What is sulphuric acid made of?

Answer 36

sulphur dioxide and water

Question 37

Name two effects of acid rain

Answer 37

Kills fish and harms trees | Acid rain eats into buildings and statues, especially those made of limestone.

Question 38

What is smog?

Answer 38

The name used for a mixture of smoke and fog.

Question 39

How can it be prevented?

Answer 39

It can be prevented by using smokeless fuel.

Question 40

Plastics are ___________ _________ materials.

Answer 40

man made

Question 41

What are most plastics made of?

Answer 41

Most plastics are made from crude (unrefined) oil.

Question 42

What is another name for simple hydrocarbons?

Answer 42

monomers

Question 43

Where do monomers come from?

Answer 43

crude oil

Question 44

What do monomers react together to form?

Answer 44

polymers

Question 45

How are polymers formed?

Answer 45

when monomers react together

Question 46

what are polymers used to make?

Answer 46

plastic

Question 47

what are plastics made of?

Answer 47

polymers

Question 48

What is PVC?

Answer 48

strong plastic

Question 49

name two forms of PVC?

Answer 49

can be flexible or rigid

Question 50

name two things madeof flexible PVC

Answer 50

Raincoats and shower curtains

Question 51

name three types of plastic

Answer 51

PVC Polythene Nylon

Question 52

describe polythene using three words

Answer 52

strong cheap and flexible

Question 53

name two things polythene is used to make

Answer 53

plastic bags and lunch boxes

Question 54

Name one feature of nylon

Answer 54

can be spun into fibres.

Question 55

name two things nylon is used to make

Answer 55

tights, carpets and brushes

Question 56

plastics do not...

Answer 56

degrade or break down easily

Question 57

plastics are ______________.

Answer 57

non biodegradable

Question 58

what does non biodegradable mean?

Answer 58

they cannot be broken down by living things

Question 59

what do many plastics release when burned

Answer 59

release toxic fumes

Question 60

when do plastics often release toxic fumes?

Answer 60

when they are burned