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Chemistry Year 10 > Acids Bases And Salts > Flashcards

Acids Bases And Salts Flashcards

1
Q

Litmus color acid

A

Red

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2
Q

Litmus color alkali

A

Blue

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3
Q

Phenolphthalein alkali

A

Pink

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4
Q

Phenolphthalein acid

A

Colourless

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5
Q

Methyl orange acid

A

Red

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6
Q

Methyl orange alkali

A

Yellow

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7
Q

Mash reaction

A

Metal + acid = Salt + hydrogen
This only works for metals above hydrogen in the reactivity series . Reaction gets slower as reactivity decreases
Magnesium and zinc salts are colourless
Iron salts are very pale

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8
Q

Why does aluminium not react

A

Protected by a layer of aluminium oxide

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9
Q

OASW

A

Acid + metal oxide = Salt and water

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10
Q

CAWCS

A

Metal Carbonate + acid = Salt + water + carbon dioxide

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11
Q

Why does calcium carbonate and sulphuric acid not react

A

Because the reaction occurs initially but forms a layer of insoluble calcium sulphate Around calcium carbonate . The insoluble layer protects the carbonate from further reaction with the acid

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12
Q

BAWS

A

Base (metal hydroxide) + acid = Salt and water

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13
Q

What are acids

A

Substances which dissolve in water to form the H+ aqueous ion
Acids only behave as acids when aqueous

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14
Q

What are bases

A

Substances which react with acids ( combine which h+ ions )

E.g metal oxides , carbonates , hydroxide

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15
Q

What are alkalis

A

Bases which dissolve in water to form the (OH) - aqueous ion
Most are soluble metal hydroxides

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16
Q

What is neutralisation

A

Tye reaction of an acid with a base . Whenever acids react they are neutralised resulting in salt formation

17
Q

What do you use a precipitation method for

A

To prepare insoluble salts

  1. Combine two solutions containing one of the two ions required to form the salt
  2. Filter precipitate
  3. Wash filter paper with distilled water
  4. Leave the precipitate in the filter paper to dry
18
Q

What is titration used for

A

To prepare soluble salts from an acid and soluble base (potassium , sodium and amonium salts )
A known volume of the acid is measured into a conical flask using a pipette . A few drops of indicator are added . When the indicator changes colour the volume of alkali added from the buttered is recorded . Process is repeated to obtain and accurate average value needed to neutralise the acid then the process is repeated again without the indicator to give a pure salt solution
Go obtain the salt warm gently in an evaporating basin allow half the water to be boiled off and then leave the remained to cool and evaporate forming large crystals

19
Q

Reaction of an acid with an insoluble base or metal

A

This is used to prepare soluble salts from an insoluble base
Place appropriate acid in a beaker on the tripod and gauze and warm in a Bunsen burner . Add the insoluble base and stir. It will fizz then add more until all the acid has been neutralised and the base will sink to the bottom Unreacted . Then filter leaving just the salt .
To get a solid salt - warm gently on an evaporating basin on a a tripod on the gauze . Allow half the water to boil off to concentrate the solution then allow the remainder to cool and evaporate forming large crystals

20
Q

How does hydrogen burn

A

Forms water

21
Q

How do you test for water

A

Turns cobalt chloride paper pink

Water boils at 100degrees

22
Q

Can you produce an insoluble salt from the reaction between a solid and a liquid

A

No

23
Q

All nitrates are

A

Soluble

24
Q

All sodium potassium and Amonium are

A

Soluble

25
Q

Most common chlorides are …. except

A

Soluble except lead chloride and silver chloride is

26
Q

Most common sulfates are ….. except ……

A

Soluble except leas sulfate , barium sulfate and calcium sulfate

27
Q

Most common carbonates are …… except …..

A

Insoluble except potassium amountium and sodium

28
Q

Most metal hydroxides and oxides are

A

Insoluble Except sodium postassium ammonium and calcium

29
Q

What reacts with acid in the cold

A

Carbonates and magnesium in all others the acid needs to be heated

30
Q

Why are solutions insoluble

A

The attractions are so strong the ions clump together and form a solid

Chemistry Year 10 (4 decks)

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