Acids, bases, salts

Question 1

a substance that contains hydrogen which can be replaced directly or indirectly by a metal to form a salt

Answer 1

acid

Question 2

a proton donor

Answer 2

acid

Question 3

a substance which form hydronium ions when dissolved in water

Answer 3

acid

Question 4

how are hydronium ions formed?

Answer 4

when water molecules combine with hydrogen ions released by acids

Question 5

which two substances have opposite properties and have the ability to neutralise each other?

Answer 5

acids and bases

Question 6

acids which did not dissolve in water

Answer 6

covalent molecules

Question 7

they are made up of nonmetals bonded together by sharing electron pairs.

Answer 7

covalent molecules

Question 8

what happens to acids when added to water?

Answer 8

the acid molecules ionise forming positive hydrogen ions and negative anions

Question 9

when ______ dissolves in water it donates its hydrogen ions (protons) to the water molecules

Answer 9

acids

Question 10

what in aqueous solutions of acids gives them their characteristic properties?

Answer 10

positive hydrogen ions (H+ ions)

Question 11

these solutions are described as being acidic

Answer 11

aqueous solutions

Question 12

what are the general properties of acids in aqueous solution?

Answer 12

they have a sour taste
they are corrosive
they change blue litmus to red
they have a pH value of less than 7
they conduct an electric current

Question 13

what happens when an acid reacts

Answer 13

When acids react the hydrogen ( H+ ) ions in the acid are replaced by metal or ammonium ions to form a salt

Question 14

a reactive metal + acid forms

Answer 14

salt and hydrogen

Question 15

base + acid forms

Answer 15

salt and water

Question 16

a metal carbonate + acid forms:

Answer 16

salt, carbon dioxide, water

Question 17

a metal hydrogencarbonate + acid:

Answer 17

salt, carbon dioxide, water

Question 18

how are acids classified?

Answer 18

they are classified according to their basicity

Question 19

basicity

Answer 19

the number of hydrogen (H+) ions produced per molecule of acid when the acid dissolves in water

Question 20

a substance which will react with an acid to form a salt and water only

Answer 20

base

Question 21

what is defined as a proton acceptor

Answer 21

a base

Question 22

monobasic, dibasic and tribasic

Answer 22

acids according to basicity

Question 23

__________ produce one mole of H+ ions per mole of acid

Answer 23

monobasic acids

Question 24

___________ produce two mole of H+ ions per mole of acid

Answer 24

dibasic acids

Question 25

produce three H+ ions per molecule

Answer 25

tribasic acids

Question 26

what acid can only form normal salts?

Answer 26

monobasic acids

Question 27

what two types of acids can form both normal salts and acid salts

Answer 27

dibasic and tribasic acids

Question 28

a compound that reacts with water to form an acid

Answer 28

acid anhydrides

Question 29

an oxide that either produces an acidic solution upon addition to water, or acts as an acceptor of hydroxide ions

Answer 29

acidic oxides

Question 30

CO2, SO2, SO3, NO2

Answer 30

acidic oxides of non-metals

Question 31

which substances do bases include?

Answer 31

metal oxides, metal hydroxides, ammonia

Question 32

what occurs when a base reacts with acid

Answer 32

the *oxygen* ions or *hydroxide* ions in the **base** accept the *hydrogen* ions forming **water**

Question 33

a base which dissolves in or reacts with water to form a solution that contains OH- ions

Answer 33

an alkali

Question 34

a solution is described as __________

Answer 34

alkaline

Question 35

what are the general properties of aqueous solutions in alkalis:

Answer 35

they have a bitter taste they are corrosive they feel soapy they change red litmus to blue they have a pH value greater than 7 they conduct an electric current

Question 36

bases react with

Answer 36

acids and ammonium salts

Question 37

what happens when bases react with ammonium salts

Answer 37

when heated, bases react with ammonium salts to produce a salt, ammonia and water

Question 38

acids and alkalis are recognized using ___________

Answer 38

indicators

Question 39

a substance which has one colour when mixed with an acidic solution and another colour when mixed with an alkaline solution

Answer 39

indicators

Question 40

the common indicators

Answer 40

litmus methyl orange screened methyl orange phenolphthalein

Question 41

the strength of an acid or alkali depends on

Answer 41

the degree of ionisation; which occur when they dissolve in water

Question 42

fully ionised when they dissolve in water

Answer 42

strong acids and strong alkalis

Question 43

their solutions contain a high concentration of H+ ions or OH- ions

Answer 43

strong acid (H+) and strong alkali (OH-)

Question 44

they are strong electrolytes

Answer 44

strong acids and alkalis

Question 45

partially ionised when dissolved in water

Answer 45

weak acid and weak alkali

Question 46

their solutions contain a low concentration of H+ ions or OH- ions

Answer 46

weak acid (H+) and weak alkali (OH-)

Question 47

they are weak electrolytes

Answer 47

weak acids and weak alkalis

Question 48

the strength of an acid or alkali is measured on the pH scale using __________

Answer 48

universal indicator

Question 49

colours of universal indicator

Answer 49

red, orange, yellow, green, blue-green, green, purple

Question 50

react with both acids and strong alkalis to form a salt and water

Answer 50

amphoteric oxides and amphoteric hydroxides

Question 51

amphoteric oxide + acid

Answer 51

salt and water

Question 52

amphoteric hydroxide + acid

Answer 52

salt and water

Question 53

strong alkali + amphoteric oxide

Answer 53

salt and water

Question 54

strong alkali + amphoteric hydroxide

Answer 54

salt and water

Question 55

the oxides and hydroxides of which elements are amphoteric?

Answer 55

aluminium, zinc, lead + more

Question 56

aluminium oxide

Answer 56

Al2O3

Question 57

zinc oxide

Answer 57

ZnO

Question 58

lead (II) oxide

Answer 58

PbO

Question 59

aluminium hydroxide

Answer 59

Al(OH)3

Question 60

zinc hydroxide

Answer 60

Zn(OH)2

Question 61

lead (II) hydroxide

Answer 61

Pb(OH)2

Question 62

oxides can be classified into four groups:

Answer 62

acidic oxides, basic oxides, amphoteric oxides, neutral oxides

Question 63

oxides of some non-metals which react with alkalis to form a salt and water

Answer 63

acidic oxides

Question 64

most acidic oxides also react with water to form an acid, i.e. they are...

Answer 64

acid anhydrides

Question 65

oxides of metals which react with acids to form a salt and water

Answer 65

basic oxides

Question 66

name the basic oxides that are also classified as alkalis because they react with water to form a solution containing OH- ions

Answer 66

potassium oxide sodium oxide calcium oxide

Question 67

oxides of some metals which react with both acids and strong alkalis to form a salt and water

Answer 67

amphoteric oxides

Question 68

list three common amphoteric oxides

Answer 68

aluminium oxide. zinc oxide, lead (II) oxide

Question 69

oxides of some non-metals which do not react with acids or alkalis

Answer 69

neutral oxides

Question 70

name some neutral oxides

Answer 70

carbon monoxide, nitrogen monoxide, dinitrogen monoxide