Acids & Bases + Tests Flashcards
(58 cards)
How many protons does a hydrogen ion have
1 proton
An acid is a ____ donor?
Acid –> proton donor
What must an acid have to donate a hydrogen ion (proton)
An acid must have a hydrogen to donate a hydrogen ion (proton)
What do acids dissociate into when ____ is added?
They dissociate (split up) into hydrogen ions and negative ions (anions) when added to water
A base is a _____ _______?
Base –> proton acceptor
Bases must be able to accept a what ion?
Bases must accept a hydrogen ion (proton)
What is an alkali?
A soluble base
What do bases dissociate into when _____ is added?
When WATER is added, bases dissociate into hydroxide ions and positive metal ions (cations)
Neutralisation reactions are when…
Net ionic equation for all acid-base neutralisation reactions?
Leads to a _____ solution?
⭐ when acids react with alkali
⭐ H+ + OH- -> H2O
⭐ leads to a NEUTRAL solution
Strong Vs. Weak Acid
What does strong acid dissociate into?
Example?
Strong acid FULLY dissociates into water and H+ (hydrogen) ions, all hydrogen ions are donated and separate from the anions.
HCl (aq) -> H+ (aq) + Cl- (aq)
What does weak acid dissociate into?
Example?
What does ⇌ mean?
Weak acid: partially dissociates in water into H+ (hydrogen) ions, some H+ (hydrogen ions) are donated and the system forms equilibrium
CH3COOH (aq) ⇌ H+ (aq) + CH3COO- (aq)
⇌ = reversible, “can go back and forth”; a reversible reaction in which both the reactants and products are forming at the same time.
Does a weak or strong acid have more H+ ions?
Strong acids have more H+ ions in solution that weak acids.
Are metal oxides acidic or basic?
BASIC
amphoteric
dissolve in H2O
Are non-metal oxides acidic or basic?
ACIDIC
will react with an acid and be neutralised
What does amphoteric mean?
Examples?
Can react like an acid OR base
Al(OH)3
Al2O3
ZnO
What does amphiprotic mean?
Examples?
Donate AND accept hydrogen ions (H+)
H2O + H+ –> H3O+ [hydronium ion; accepting a hydrogen ion, showing water reacting like a base]
Cl- + H2O –> OH- + HCl [donates H+ to the Cl and makes HCl; acting as an acid]
acid + hydroxide/oxide =>
salt + water
acid + metal carbonate =>
salt + water + carbon dioxide
acid + metal =>
salt + hydrogen
Reaction for limewater
Ca(OH)2 + CO2 => CaCO3 + H2O
limewater + carbon dioxide => limestone [cloudy, milky] + water
Limestone Cycle
=> Limestone (CaCO3)
CO2. Burning or slaking. Heat 1100 degrees Celcius.
=> Quick lime CaO + CO2
Heat. Hydration or slaking.
Add water
=> Ca(OH)2 + H2O -> CaO [above] + CO2
=> Slaked lime. Ca(OH)2
+ H2O
=> back to
MS FORM
Limewater goes…
Chemical formula of limewater?
Limestone rock?
Limewater goes cloudy
Calcium hydroxide
Sedimentary rock
common uses of limestone (CaCO3)
building materials
manufacture of cement
common uses of CaO
wastewater treatment
neutralisation of acidic soil
