ACLS

Question 1

Interruptions in compressions should be limited to critical interventions such as:

Answer 1

Rhythm analysis, Shock delivery, intubation, etc.

Question 2

Interruptions should be minimized to..

Answer 2

10 seconds or less

Question 3

High survival rate in studies are associated with several common 6 elements

Answer 3

Training of knowledgeable healthcare providers, planned and practiced response, rapid recognition of sudden cardiac arrest, prompt provision of CPR, defibrillation as early as possible with 3-5 minutes of collapse, organized post-cardiac arrest care.

Question 4

Best way to improve from sudden cardiac arrest is to start with:

Answer 4

quality improvement model and then modify that model according to chain of survival metaphor.

Question 5

Effective resuscitation requires an integrated response known as a:

Answer 5

system of care

Question 6

Compressor role task

Answer 6

Assesses the patient, 5 cycles of chest compressions, alternates with Monitor person every 5 cycles or 2 minutes or if fatigue sets in.

Question 7

Monitor role task

Answer 7

brings and operates the monitor, alternates with compressor, place monitor where can be seen by team leader.

Question 8

Airway role task

Answer 8

Opens the airway, provides BVM ventilations, inserts airway adjuncts as appropriate.

Question 9

Team leader role task

Answer 9

Defined leader, assigns roles to team members, provides feedback, assumes responsibility for roles not assigned.

Question 10

IV/IO/Medications role task

Answer 10

An ACLS provider role, initiates IV/IO access, administers medications.

Question 11

Timer/Recorder role task

Answer 11

Records the time of interventions and medications, records the frequency and duration of interruptions in compressions, communicates these to team leader and the rest of the team.

Question 12

agonal gasps are?

Answer 12

not normal breathing

Question 13

agonal gasps may be present in

Answer 13

the first minutes after sudden cardiac arrest.

Question 14

Quality compressions

Answer 14

Compress the chest at least 2 inches.
Compress at a rate of 100 to 120/min
Allow complete chest recoil after each compression.

Question 15

Optimal chest compression depth is

Answer 15

2 to 2.4 inches

Question 16

High quality CPR steps

Answer 16

Compress chest hard and fast
allow complete chest recoil
minimize interruptions 10 seconds or less
avoid excessive ventilation
switch compressors about every 2 mins

Question 17

H’s

Answer 17

Hypovolemia, Hypoxia, Hydrogen ion (acidosis), Hypo-/hyperkalemia, Hypothermia

Question 18

T’s

Answer 18

Tension pneumothorax, Tamponade (cardiac), Toxins

Thrombosis (pulmonary), Thrombosis (Coronary)

Question 19

2 most common underlying and potentially reversible causes of PEA

Answer 19

Hypovolemia and Hypoxia

Question 20

Hypovolemia S/S

Answer 20

Narrow complex QRS
tachycardia
Normal BP--> Increased BP-->Sys <100--> Sys <70
Delayed/Absent cap refill
diaphoresis
Becomes altered mental status

Question 21

Hypovolemia treatment

Answer 21

Consider volume infusion for PEA associated with narrow complex tachycardia

Question 22

Average respiratory rate for an adult is?

Answer 22

12 to 16 breathes per minute

Question 23

Normal tidal volume is?

Answer 23

8 to 10 mL/kg

Question 24

Tachypnea is RR above

Answer 24

20/min

Question 25

Bradypnea is RR below

Answer 25

12/min

Question 26

Respiratory distress is

Answer 26

Is a clinical state characterized by abnormal RR or effort. The respiratory effort may be increased or inadequate. Can range from mild to severe.

Question 27

Respiratory distress S/S

Answer 27

Tachypnea, increased respiratory effort, bradypnea, tachycardia, abnormal breath sounds, pale cool skin, changes in LOC.

Question 28

Respiratory failure is

Answer 28

Is a clinical state of inadequate oxygenation, ventilation or both, failure is often the end stage of distress.

Question 29

Respiratory failure S/S

Answer 29

Tachypnea, bradypnea (late), increased/decreased or no respiratory effort, tachycardia, bradycardia (late) cyanosis or coma (late)

Question 30

Respiratory arrest is

Answer 30

The absence of breathing and is usually caused by drowning or a head injury.

Question 31

A patient with a pulse but respiratory arrest you should ventilate the patient..

Answer 31

once every 5-6 seconds.

Question 32

The most reliable method of confirming and monitoring the correct placement of an ET tube is?

Answer 32

Continuous waveform capnography.

Question 33

Excessive ventilation is

Answer 33

Too many breaths per minute or too large a volume per breath

Question 34

Excessive ventilation is harmful because?

Answer 34

It increases intrathoracic pressure, decreases venous return to the heart and diminishes cardiac output. Also can cause gastric inflation.

Question 35

For patients with cardiac symptoms or respiratory distress oxygen saturation should be?

Answer 35

94% or greater

Question 36

Respiratory of cardiac arrest patients O2 should strive for what percent?

Answer 36

100%

Question 37

If cervical spine trauma is suspected you should use what basic airway opening movement?

Answer 37

Jaw thrust without head extension

Question 38

The OPA should only be used with these types of patients?

Answer 38

Unresponsive patient with no cough or gag reflex.

Question 39

Properly sizing the OPA steps?

Answer 39

Corner of mouth to angle of mandible.

Question 40

Properly sizing the NPA steps?

Answer 40

patients nose to the earlobe

Question 41

Suction attempts should not exceed?

Answer 41

10 seconds.

Question 42

Oxygen should be applied in ACS patients if?

Answer 42

dyspneic, hyperemic, signs of heart failure, SATs <90% or the oxygen saturation is unknown

Question 43

Aspirin does what to the body?

Answer 43

causes immediate and near-total inhibition of thromboxane A2 production by inhibiting platelets.

Question 44

Aspirin dose

Answer 44

160 to 325mg.

Question 45

Aspirin is best absorbed?

Answer 45

Chewed, particularly if morphine has been given

Question 46

Nitroglycerin does?

Answer 46

effectively reduces ischemic chest discomfort, and it has beneficial hemodynamic effects.

Question 47

Physiologic effects of nitroglycerin?

Answer 47

Reduction in LV and right ventricular preload through peripheral arterial and venous dilation