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Dermatology Module 1 > Acne & Rosacea > Flashcards

Acne & Rosacea Flashcards

(78 cards)

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1
Q

What are the two main types of acne lesions?

A

Non-inflammatory and inflammatory acne lesions

Non-inflammatory lesions include open and closed comedones, while inflammatory lesions include papules, pustules, nodules, and cysts.

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2
Q

What are open and closed comedones?

A

Types of non-inflammatory acne lesions

Open comedones are blackheads, and closed comedones are whiteheads.

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3
Q

What is seborrhoea?

A

Skin is ‘oily’ especially in sebaceous areas

It often contributes to acne development.

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4
Q

What is a common symptom of rosacea?

A

Inflammatory papules and pustules may form

Rosacea can also cause flushing and visible blood vessels.

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5
Q

What is erythema?

A

Redness of the skin

It is often associated with rosacea.

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6
Q

What are the eye problems associated with rosacea?

A

Bloodshot eyes, red and swollen eyelids, and eye discomfort

These symptoms can significantly affect quality of life.

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7
Q

What skin texture changes occur in late-stage rosacea?

A

Skin is thickened and ‘lumpy’

This can lead to further cosmetic concerns.

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8
Q

What factors can exacerbate flushing in rosacea?

A

Stress, heat, alcohol, and certain foods

These triggers vary from person to person.

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9
Q

What areas are commonly affected by rosacea?

A

Face, jawline, neck, upper back, chest, or shoulders

Sebaceous areas are particularly vulnerable.

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10
Q

At what age does rosacea typically develop?

A

Tends to develop over age 30

However, younger individuals can also be affected.

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11
Q

Who is most commonly affected by acne?

A

Those experiencing puberty, but adults and babies can also be affected

Acne can affect all skin types, but people with fair skin are most commonly affected.

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12
Q

What is the appearance of skin affected by acne?

A

Appears ‘bumpy’ or ‘uneven’ due to active lesions and/or scarring

This can lead to psychological effects as well.

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13
Q

What is telangiectasia?

A

Visible blood vessels on the skin

It is commonly associated with rosacea and can lead to an uneven skin tone.

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14
Q

Fill in the blank: The skin is very sensitive to _______ in individuals with rosacea.

A

sunlight

Sun exposure can worsen rosacea symptoms.

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15
Q

What percentage of the population between 10 and 30 years old is affected by acne?

A

80%

This statistic highlights the prevalence of acne in young individuals.

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16
Q

What is the peak incidence age for females with acne?

A

13-16 years old

This age range indicates when females are most likely to experience acne.

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17
Q

What is the peak incidence age for males with acne?

A

15-18 years old

This age range indicates when males are most likely to experience acne.

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18
Q

Which gender tends to have more severe acne with a higher risk of scarring?

A

Males

Males typically experience more severe forms of acne compared to females.

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19
Q

What percentage of women in their 20s report experiencing acne?

A

35%

This statistic shows that a significant number of women continue to experience acne into their 20s.

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20
Q

What percentage of women in their 30s report experiencing acne?

A

25%

This indicates that acne remains a concern for many women well into their 30s.

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21
Q

On average, how long does acne persist?

A

8-10 years

This statistic reflects the chronic nature of acne for many individuals.

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22
Q

What is the primary aim of treating acne?

A

To treat acne before irreversible scarring is established

Early intervention is crucial to prevent long-term skin damage.

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23
Q

What is the most severe form of acne called?

A

Acne fulminans

Acne fulminans is characterized by severe inflammatory lesions and systemic symptoms.

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24
Q

What are the characteristics of acne fulminans?

A

Inflamed, friable papulopustular lesions, plaques with erosions, oozing, and formation of granulation tissue

This condition can lead to significant scarring if untreated.

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25
What is neonatal acne also known as?
Neonatal cephalic pustulosis ## Footnote This condition affects newborns and is not technically a form of acne.
26
What is the typical resolution time for neonatal acne?
Within 3 months ## Footnote Neonatal acne generally resolves without treatment.
27
At what age does infantile acne typically present?
3-12 months ## Footnote This condition reflects early androgen production in infants.
28
What is the first-line treatment for infantile acne?
* Topical retinoids * Benzoyl peroxide ## Footnote These treatments are typically effective for managing infantile acne.
29
What distinguishes acne from rosacea?
Acne has comedones while rosacea does not ## Footnote This is a key diagnostic feature between the two conditions.
30
Where is rosacea typically distributed on the face?
Central face ## Footnote Rosacea commonly affects the flush areas of the skin.
31
What common triggers can exacerbate rosacea?
* Sun * Heat * Strong emotions * Alcohol * Caffeine * Spicy foods ## Footnote These triggers can lead to flare-ups in individuals with rosacea.
32
True or False: Both acne and rosacea are chronic inflammatory diseases.
True ## Footnote Both conditions are characterized by chronic inflammation.
33
Fill in the blank: Acne tends to be more _______ in females.
persistent ## Footnote This indicates that females may experience longer-lasting acne compared to males.
34
What is a key difference between acne and rosacea regarding comedones?
Acne has comedones while rosacea does not ## Footnote Comedones are clogged hair follicles (pores) in the skin.
35
Where is rosacea primarily distributed on the face?
Rosacea is distributed more over the central face ## Footnote This includes areas such as the nose, cheeks, and forehead.
36
Are acne and rosacea acute or chronic conditions?
Both are chronic inflammatory diseases that are quite common.
37
What types of skin lesions are associated with rosacea?
Rosacea presents more with papules and pustules without comedones.
38
What type of skin lesions are primarily associated with acne?
Acne presents with comedones.
39
How does the distribution of acne differ from that of rosacea?
Acne is more widespread, while rosacea affects the central face.
40
What presenting complaint history should be sought for rosacea?
Onset (later than typical acne) main symptoms or concerns distribution triggers or exacerbating factors previous treatment trials ## Footnote Triggers may include spicy food, alcohol, and social pressure.
41
What previous medical history is relevant for rosacea?
Adolescent acne and skin sensitivity ## Footnote These factors may predispose individuals to rosacea.
42
What medications should be noted in history-taking for rosacea?
Regular medications ## Footnote This includes any ongoing treatments that may affect skin condition.
43
What family history is significant for rosacea?
1st degree relatives with rosacea ## Footnote Genetic predisposition may play a role in the development of rosacea.
44
What social history aspect is important in rosacea patients?
Psychosocial impact ## Footnote Rosacea can significantly affect a patient's quality of life and mental health.
45
What are the key examination findings in rosacea?
No blackheads, whiteheads, or nodules; red patches; scaling; swelling; frequent blushing; persistent redness; red papules and pustules; dry and flaky facial skin ## Footnote These findings help differentiate rosacea from other skin conditions.
46
What is erythematotelangiectatic rosacea characterized by?
Red patches and persistent redness with prominent visible blood vessels ## Footnote This subtype is often associated with flushing and sensitivity.
47
What are general measures to manage rosacea?
Reduce triggers, avoid oil-based products, avoid topical steroids, ensure photoprotection, minimize exposure to hot/spicy foods, alcohol, hot showers, and warm rooms ## Footnote Lifestyle modifications can significantly help manage symptoms.
48
What oral antibiotics are commonly used for papulopustular rosacea?
Tetracycline antibiotics, including doxycycline and minocycline ## Footnote These antibiotics help reduce inflammation and bacterial load.
49
What topical treatments are available for rosacea?
Metronidazole cream, azelaic acid cream, brimonidine gel, ivermectin cream ## Footnote These treatments target inflammation and redness associated with rosacea.
50
When should a patient with rosacea be referred?
If there is inadequate response to other treatment options ## Footnote Referral may be necessary for specialized care or advanced treatments.
51
What are the subtypes of rosacea?
Erythematotelangiectatic rosacea, inflammatory or papulopustular rosacea, rosacea dermatitis, phymatous rosacea, rhinophyma, granulomatous rosacea, Morbihan disease, ocular rosacea ## Footnote Each subtype has distinct features and may require different management strategies.
52
True or False: Rosacea has no significant psychosocial impact.
False ## Footnote Rosacea can lead to significant distress and affect social interactions.
53
Fill in the blank: Patients with rosacea should be followed up to ensure _______.
improvement or review if deterioration occurs ## Footnote Regular follow-up is important for effective management.
54
What age group is primarily affected by acne?
Primarily a disorder of adolescence affecting approx 80% of young people
55
At what stage does acne typically onset?
Typically at puberty, but may present after 25yo
56
Is acne more severe in males or females?
Tends to be more severe in males
57
What region has a higher incidence of cystic acne?
The Mediterranean region
58
What is the genetic predisposition associated with acne?
Multifactorial genetic familial predisposition to developing the condition
59
What percentage of people with cystic acne have a family history of severe acne?
Most people with cystic acne have a FHx of severe acne
60
What is comedonal acne?
Clinically non-inflamed lesions develop from the subclinical microcomedo
61
What types of lesions are included in mild-moderate papulopustular acne?
Mixture of NIL and inflammatory lesions; may include superficial or deep ILs like papules and pustules (<5mm)
62
What characterizes severe papulopustular acne/moderate nodular acne?
Papules and pustules may grow larger (5-10mm) and coalesce into nodules
63
What are the characteristics of severe nodular acne/conglobate acne?
Nodules >10mm, firm, inflamed lesions painful when palpated; may result in painful lesions, exudative sinus tracts and tissue destruction
64
What is the first primary pathogenic factor in acne?
Sebaceous gland hypertrophy results in enlarged gland that secretes excessive amounts of sebum
65
What does keratinisation refer to in the context of acne?
Hypercornification of the lining of the pilosebaceous unit opening
66
What role does C.acnes play in acne pathology?
Colonisation of the follicle by C.acnes and proliferation in retained sebum results in papules and pustules
67
What is hypothesised about inflammation in acne development?
Inflammation may be present throughout the development of acne lesions rather than as a result
68
What dietary factor has been hypothesized to correlate with acne onset?
High GI diet
69
List some factors contributing to acne formation.
* Mineral oils (cosmetics) * Drugs (e.g., Lithium, Glucocorticoids, Oral contraceptives, Androgens) * Emotional stress * Occlusion and pressure on the skin (acne mechanica)
70
What is the action of azelaic acid in acne treatment?
Anti-inflammatory action secondary to its antimicrobial effect
71
What is a key feature of benzoyl peroxide?
An anti-bacterial agent that kills C.acnes
72
What side effect may occur with benzoyl peroxide use?
May cause mild irritant dermatitis
73
What is the role of topical/systemic antibiotics in acne management?
Anti-inflammatory and antibacterial effects
74
What is the primary action of retinoids in acne treatment?
Normalises the desquamation of follicular epithelium, leading to loosening of the keratin plug
75
What are the main side effects of retinoids?
Skin irritation resulting in erythema, dryness, and peeling
76
Which retinoid is not listed for use in pregnancy?
Retinoids
77
What should patients be warned about regarding retinoid treatment?
Improvements will not be immediate
78
Fill in the blank: Topical retinoids should not be used in conjunction with _______.
oral Isotretinoin

Dermatology Module 1 (7 decks)

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