ACO 423

Question 1

Which of the following are examples of programming environments for Python?

Answer 1

VSCode and Jupyter Notebook

Question 2

Which of the following is a Python package specified for plotting data?

Answer 2

matplotlib

Question 3

According to the syllabus, what percentage is attendance and class participation?

Answer 3

0.15

Question 4

Which of the following shows an example of a list in Python?

Answer 4

x = [3, 1, 5, 2, 4]

Question 5

Which of the following shows an example of a tuple in Python?

Answer 5

x = (3, 1, 5, 2, 4)

Question 6

The pandas module can do all of the following except

Answer 6

plot the data

Question 7

Order matters for positional arguments but not for keyword arguments

Answer 7

True

Question 8

If v1 = df.col1 and v2 = df[df.col1 > 22], what are their types?

Answer 8

v1 is Series and v2 is DataFrame

Question 9

In which machine learning algorithms are labels provided to the algorithm?

Answer 9

Supervised algorithms

Question 10

Clustering is an example of which type of algorithm?

Answer 10

Unsupervised

Question 11

What is the attribute type for things like the brand of a product and Zip code?

Answer 11

Nominal (Categorical)

Question 12

Which of the following plots are used for visualizing one variable (univariate)?

Answer 12

Histogram and Box plot

Question 13

How is the Inter-quartile Range (IQR) calculated?

Answer 13

Q3 - Q1

Question 14

The height of the box in a Box plot is equal to IQR

Answer 14

True

Question 15

Which plot shows a positive correlation between two variables x and y?

Answer 15

Plot c

Question 16

A data matrix has n rows for n data points and p columns for p attributes

Answer 16

True

Question 17

If dissimilarity is (p - m) / p, what is the formula for similarity?

Answer 17

m / p

Question 18

Minkowski distance is a generalization of which distances?

Answer 18

Euclidean and Manhattan

Question 19

A correlation matrix shows the correlation coefficient magnitude for each attribute pair

Answer 19

True

Question 20

What is the range of values in a correlation matrix cell?

Answer 20

-1 to +1

Question 21

A bubble chart is a variation of a scatterplot that uses a third variable to determine size

Answer 21

True

Question 22

In a tag cloud, the importance of a tag is represented by

Answer 22

font size or color

Question 23

What are methods for handling missing data in a dataset automatically?

Answer 23

Global constant, attribute mean, class mean, or most probable value

Question 24

A high correlation between attributes A and B may suggest redundancy

Answer 24

True

Question 25

What does sampling without replacement mean?

Answer 25

Once an object is selected, it is removed from the population

Question 26

What is stratified sampling?

Answer 26

Partition the data and sample proportionally from each partition

Question 27

What is lossless data reduction?

Answer 27

Compression where the original data can be reconstructed without information loss

Question 28

What is the correct definition of normalization?

Answer 28

Scaling data to a specified range such as -1.0 to 1.0

Question 29

What does equal-depth frequency binning do?

Answer 29

Divides the range into N intervals with equal number of samples

Question 30

What kind of learning uncovers patterns in unlabeled data?

Answer 30

Unsupervised learning

Question 31

In supervised learning, what is used to label the data?

Answer 31

Class labels

Question 32

What are the two main types of supervised learning?

Answer 32

Classification and regression

Question 33

What type of learning is fraud detection?

Answer 33

Classification

Question 34

KNN is used for what kind of problems?

Answer 34

Classification

Question 35

Which sets are used to evaluate a model’s performance?

Answer 35

Training set and test set

Question 36

Logistic regression is used for classification problems

Answer 36

True

Question 37

What curve is used to visualize the trade-off between TPR and FPR?

Answer 37

ROC

Question 38

Why is it called unsupervised learning?

Answer 38

Because it finds patterns without using labeled data

Question 39

In KMeans, each cluster is represented by what?

Answer 39

The centroid

Question 40

What defines a good clustering?

Answer 40

Tight clusters with closely bunched samples

Question 41

What does inertia measure in clustering?

Answer 41

How far samples are from their cluster centroids

Question 42

Principal components in PCA are directions of maximum variance

Answer 42

True

Question 43

What are the goals of PCA?

Answer 43

Visualizing data, data reduction, and feature extraction

Question 44

What is the first step of PCA called and what does it do?

Answer 44

De-correlation, aligns data and centers to mean zero

Question 45

What is intrinsic dimension in PCA?

Answer 45

Number of PCA features with significant variance

Question 46

What does the first principal component represent?

Answer 46

The direction in which the data varies the most

Question 47

In a word frequency array, what does each column represent and what is its value?

Answer 47

Each column is a word and the value is its frequency

Question 48

What is a csr_matrix and why is it used?

Answer 48

Sparse matrix that stores only non-zero values to save space