ACOFP site review questions Flashcards
(44 cards)
ecg finding with hypokalemia
prominent U waves, flattened or inverted T waves, ST segment depression, and conduction disturbances.
ecg finding with hyperkalemia
peaked t waves
kawasaki’s findings
fever, conjunctivitis, dry/cracked lips, cervical L.A., swollen red hands/feet with peeling,skin
sarcoidosis blood test
ACE level (angiotensin-converting enzyme )
HTN, hypokalemia, weakness, muscle cramps, polydipsia/polyuria - are signs of what disease? what tests should you do?
Primary Hyperaldosteronism (Conn’s Syndrome), check AM levels: aldosterone level will be high while renin will be low or undetectable. The potassium level may be low or normal, CT for adrenal adenoma
SIADH is hyponatremia with ______ urine osmolality and _____ serum osmolality
HIGH urine osmolality (concentrated urine) despite LOW serum osmolality (in fluid overload, less than 280 mOsm/kg) , Urine sodium typically above 20 mEq/L
Baseline variability on a fetal heart rate monitor predominantly reflects
integrity of the autonomic nervous system. (moderate variability is considered normal)
loss of heart rate variability on a fetal heart rate monitor predominantly reflects
hypoxemia
variable decelerations on a fetal heart rate monitor predominantly reflects
cord compression
early decelerations in fetal heart rate predominantly reflects
Head compression
in Type 2 diabetes, insulin levels will be ______
elevated (ie HYPERinsulinemia )
Acute anterior shoulder dislocation with neurovascular compromise (you are the team doctor at the game)- treatment is….
IMMEDIATE attempt at reduction to minimize risk of permanent sequelae
Malaria treatment
1) Uncomplicated (Central America/Caribbean)
2) uncomplicated Chloroquine- resistant (South America, south Asia, Africa, or unknown)
3) complicated (inpatient therapy)
4) Drug of choice for pregnancy prophylaxis or treatment
1) chloroquine or hydroxychloroquine
2) atovaquone-proguanil(Malarone) OR
Quinine+doxy or tetracycline or clinda
3) IV artesunate (preferred)
4) chloroquine
High-pitched decrescendo Blowing diastolic murmur left sternal border
Aortic regurgitation
Large anterior fontanelle Macrocephaly, large forehead Trident deformity of the hands Low nasal bridge Shortened extremities
Achondroplasia
(Most common cause of dwarfism)
Diagnosed by genetic testing
“Trident deformity” = Short stubby fingers with separation between middle and ring finger (think “Spock” live long and prosper!)
Treatment for viral pericarditis
ibuprofen 300-800 mg PO q8h x2wks plus colchicine 0.6 mg PO BID x 3 mo
BP medication you should not use in heart failure
Diltiazem due negative inotropic effects
ACEIs) are______________ in patients with bilateral renal artery stenosis
contraindicated
Starting an ACE inhibitor in a patient with bilateral renal artery stenosis will cause the creatinine to increase dramatically since angiotensin II usually constricts the efferent arteriole and blocking it will cause the efferent arteriole to dilation and thus less filtration.
EKG:
Delta waves are __________
Delta waves are most commonly associated with_______
Slurring of upstroke of QRS w shortened PR interval (< 120ms)
pre-excitation syndrome such as WPW
1) SVT treatment in unstable/hypotensive patient
2) acute mgmt of symptomatic SVT in stable pt - 1st choice med if vagal maneuvers don’t work
3) 2nd and 3rd choice for acute SVT
4) long term choices for SVT
1) cardioversion with sedation
2) IV adenosine
3) IV CCB or BB
4) CCB. BB. DIG. Amiodarone
radio frequency catheter ablation
•Mobitz type I (Wenkebach) second degree AV block is _________
progressive PR prolongation before the dropped beat. There is only one non-conducted P wave
Mobitz type II second degree AV block is _____________
usually indicative of underlying disease of the His-Purkinje conduction system and is characterized by episodic and unpredictable failure of the node to conduct the impulse (or more than one impulse) from the atria to the ventricles. The PR interval does not change prior to or after the dropped beats. There may be more than one non-conducted P wave.
Third degree or complete AV block is __________
The P waves are completely dissociated from the QRS complexes.
The P waves (atrial activity) are said to “march through” the QRS complexes at their regular, faster rate. The QRS complexes (ventricular activity) also occur at a regular, but slower rate. There are two independent rhythms occurring simultaneously.
What are Dihydropyridine calcium channel blockers
nifedipine, isradipine, felodipine, nicardipine, amlodipine
…. “ DihydropyridINES end in ‘PINE!!”
