Acoustic Analysis of Speech

Question 1

Study of sound as a physical phenomenon

Answer 1

Acoustics

Question 2

Vibration or disturbance in the air that is potentially audible

Answer 2

Sound

Question 3

Movement of particles in a transmitting medium

Answer 3

Sound Wave

Question 4

When molecules are pushed close together –> ???

Answer 4

Compression

Question 5

Gaps between compressions are ___

Answer 5

Rarefactions

Question 6

The time it takes for one cycle of compression and rarefaction

Answer 6

Wavelength

Question 7

We perceive sound in terms of their ___

Answer 7

acoustic correlates

Question 8

The amount of force per unit area

Answer 8

Intensity

Question 9

Intensity is measured in __

Answer 9

decibels (dB)

Question 10

Greater amplitude = [Greater / Lesser?] intensity of sound

Answer 10

Greater

Question 11

0 dB means silence – TRUE OR FALSE?

Answer 11

FALSE - the sound is only 0dB above the reference point

Question 12

The number of cycles per second

Answer 12

Frequency

Question 13

Frequency is measured in ___

Answer 13

Hertz (Hz)

Question 14

Human ear can detect frequencies over the range of ___Hz to ___Hz

Answer 14

20Hz to 20,000Hz

Question 15

Integers of the first harmonic / fundamental frequency

Answer 15

Harmonics

Question 16

Frequency with which a source of sound normally vibrates

Answer 16

Natural Frequency

Question 17

Natural Frequency is determined by ___ and ___

Answer 17

mass & stiffness

Question 18

↑ stiffness = __ frequency
↑ mass = __ frequency

Answer 18

↑ stiffness = ↑ frequency
↑ mass = ↓ frequency

Question 19

Lowest pure tone component of a complex sound wave

Answer 19

Fundamental Frequency / F0 / first harmonic

Question 20

Formula for fundamental frequency

Answer 20

F0 = cycle / second

Question 21

Extremely important in the identification of speech sounds

Answer 21

Formant Frequency

Question 22

Most imporant formant frequencies for vowels

Answer 22

F1 and F2

Question 23

Regions of high intensity

Answer 23

Formant Frequency

Question 24

F1 is the ____

Answer 24

tongue height

Question 25

F2 is the ____

Answer 25

tongue position

Question 26

HIGH F1 = ___ tongue height

Answer 26

LOW tongue height

Question 27

LOW F1 = ___ tongue height

Answer 27

HIGH tongue height

Question 28

HIGH F2 = ____ tongue position CLUE: High Five!

Answer 28

Front

Question 29

LOW F2 = ____ tongue position

Answer 29

Back

Question 30

In consonants, F1 is the size of the

Answer 30

Pharyngeal Cavity

Question 31

In consonants, F2 is the size of the

Answer 31

Oral and Nasal Cavity

Question 32

Involves greater buildup of pressure & more rapid onset rise time / rapid onset bursts Has a closure gap that is near silent

Answer 32

Stops

Question 33

Distinctive feature that indicates the time between burst and voicing

Answer 33

Voice Onset Time

Question 34

Have longer, smoother amplitude rise times Have a random aperiodic noise called frication

Answer 34

Fricatives

Question 35

VOT of voiced stops is [long or short?]

Answer 35

Short

Question 36

VOT of voiceless stops is [long or short?]

Answer 36

Long

Question 37

Have properties of both stops (rapid onset time for voicing, silence) and fricatives (random aperiodic noise)

Answer 37

Affricates

Question 38

Strong low frequency energy Presence of nasal murmur

Answer 38

Nasals

Question 39

Patterns are not as clear cut as other consonants

Answer 39

Liquids/ Glides/ Approximants

Question 40

Which phonemes have bursting and closure gaps?

Answer 40

Stops, affricates

Question 41

Which phonemes have frication?

Answer 41

Fricatives, affricates

Question 42

Which phonemes have low frequency energy?

Answer 42

Voiced fricatives and nasals