Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Applied Speech Science and Stuttering-julia > Acoustics 1 > Flashcards

Acoustics 1 Flashcards

(69 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

Frequency

A

Pattern of pressure change or waveform that carries energy from the sound source as it travels away from the sound source through the medium of the air

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Fundamental Frequency

A

Periodic sounds have a repeating pattern of compression, mechanical sound is oscillating at a regular rate. Oscillation frequency is known at the F0.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Periodic

A

Regular and repeating pattern of compression and rarefaction: Mechanical sound source and sound oscillating at a regular rate e.g.: voiced sounds/ vowels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Aperiodic Sounds

A

Produced by sounds that have no regular or oscillating movements, mechanical movement is irregular and chaotic: e.g. voiceless fricatives

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Complex sound wave

A

More than one frequency: If not a pure tone it is complex sound wave

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Simple Sound Wave

A

Periodic waveforms that only consist of one frequency: Sine waves and pure tones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Wavelength

A

Distance travelled by one cycle of the waveform: Related to frequency and velocity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Phase

A

Starting point of a cycle of a tone or frequency with respect to another tone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Amplitude

A

Amount of change in air pressure produced by a sound source- among of displacement of air particles from their point of equilibrium
Depicted by the vertical height on a time-amplitude waveform/ Amplitude (Hz)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Pascals:

A

Commonly used pressure scale: measures in terms of force per unit area

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Decible

A

Ratio scale used to measure the amplitude of sound: How loud a sound is relative to the threshold of hearing
SPL: Sound pressure level (often used)
IL: Intensity level
intensity is directly proportional to square of the pressure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Spectral Analysis

A

Decomposes or analyses any complex function: such as sound wave into simple components
Spectrum/ visual display that shows the amplitude of the frequency components

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Spectrum

A

Visual display that shows the amplitude of frequency components across a range of frequencies for a particular time

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Harmonics

A

Frequencies that are multiples of the F0 are called harmonics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Pitch

A

Psychological correlate of F0 of a periodic sound wave

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Loudness

A

Progresses slowly with physical dimension of sound intensity (volume)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Sone

A

Psychological scale of loudness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Mels

A

Psychological scale of pitch

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Range of sound intensities humans can normal hear in dB

A

0 to 140 dB

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Conversation

A

60dB

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Loud Rock Music

A

120dB

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Whisper

A

30dB

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Range of sound frequencies humans can normally hear

A

20 to 20000

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Comparison of physical scales of sound intensity and frequency with psychological dimensions of loudness and pitch

A

F0-pitch
Sound intensity/amplitude-loudness

Psychological dimensions are related non-linearly to physical dimensions, equal steps to changes in physical do not produce corresponding equal steps to psychological dimensions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
What is the advantage of using the decibel scale rather than air pressure of intensity?
Decibel scale has small and manageable range of units compared to sound pressure level
26
What does zero dB mean
-
27
What is the Amplitude of Sound?
Amount of change in air pressure caused by a sound source
28
In periodic sound waves what is the period?
-
29
The F0 of human speech is associated with what part of the human speech production system?
Laryngeal system
30
Where are harmonics in speech created
-
31
What is the horizontal axis of a spectrum?
Frequency (Hertz)
32
What is the vertical axis of a spectrum?
Amplitude (dB)
33
What is the vertical axis of time-amplitude waveform?
Amplitude (Hz)
34
A simple sound wave is the same as a pure tone true or false?
true
35
what is the relationship between physical scales such as amplitude and psychological dimension such as loudness
As the physical dimension increases, more change is needed in the physical dimension to bring about a psychological change
36
What is a spectrogram?
Gives us information about the spectral energy of sound: shows how the spectrum changes over time
36
What is filtering?
Device that restricts or modulates the transmission of some part of the frequency spectrum. Can control the frequencies that are present in a sound by passing that sound through a filter
37
What is a low pass filter?
Transfers sound energy at frequencies below a certain cut off frequency eg passing sound below 5hz
38
High pass filter?
Passes energy above a particular cut off point eg passing everything above 500hz-variable in its way to increase or decrease cut off point
39
Bandwidth and band pass filter?
Range of frequency passed by a filter | Combination of both low and high filter and only transmits sound energy within a particular frequency range or band
40
Narrowband spectrograms components?
Useful for seeing the fundamental and harmonic frequencies- frequency resolution is good Temporal resolution is poor so glottal pulsing is not visible Longer window of analysis 30-50hz Used if not much detail is needed Bandwidth 30-50 hz Harmonics are visible
41
Wide band filter components ?
Faster providing better time for resolution Temporal window is 3-5 MS short time Bandwidth 300-500 hz Good temporal resolution therefore it is possible to see glottal pulsing or striations Poor frequency resolution (Can't see harmonics) Information regarding vowel type can be seen
42
Does narrow band show you striations ?
False
43
Narrow band show f0
True
44
A sound passes through a filter which cuts all frequencies above 5000 hz what type of filter is it?
Low pass filter
45
What is the typical bandwidth for a narrowband spectrogram?
30-50hz
46
What is typical bandwidth for wide band spectrogram
300-500hz
47
Horizontal axis for spectrogram
Time
48
Vertical axis for a spectrogram
Frequency hz
49
What type of spectrogram has good frequency resolution but poor temporal resolution
Narrowband
50
Good temporal resolution but poor frequency resolution
Wideband
51
Horizontal axis of fundamental frequency contour and intensity contour?
Time MS
52
Vertical axis of a f0 contour?
Frequency hz
53
Vertical axis of RMS intensity contour?
Amplitude db
54
Resonance in speech is associated with?
The vocal tract or articulating system
55
For what vowel categories do formants 1 and 2 come close together
Back vowels
56
Central vowel vocal tract positions,compared to other vowels are most like what?
Closed end straight tubes
57
For what vowels do formants 1 and 2 remain far apart?
Front vowels
58
What is acoustic phonetics
Concerned with how different sound categories are realised in the speech sound wave
59
What is created by the source in the source filter theory of speech production?
Harmonics
60
What depends on the filter in the source filter theory of speech production?
Formant transitions
61
What do shorter vocal tracts have?
Higher formants frequencies
62
Diphthongs are characterised by?
Formant transitions with long durations, relatively slow transitions
63
Features of semi vowels
W j r l Formant transitions esp 2nd Formant Rate of change generally faster for semivowels than diphthongs 3rd Formant important in distinguishing between r and l- frequency of third Formant is lower for r Japanese speakers have trouble distinguishing the two
64
Use of spectrums and spectrograms in clinic
Features of different sounds can be seen in these visual displays. Eg misarticulating children saying tar instead of car should be reflected in spectrograms of their speech- 2nd Formant should start at a lower frequency when fronting velar compared to a correctly produced velar Improved articulation also reflected in spectrograms and speech pathologist can see change before hear perceptually For older children and adults sitting at a computer with PRAAT and providing examples of the correct production may be useful visual bio feedback to help them modify their output therefor praat can be used as a therapy tool
65
Which fricative is not affected by resonance in the cavity after the point of constriction
F
66
Which Formant transition is longer semivowels or diphthongs
Diphthongs
67
What are the characteristics features of only nasal/nasalised sounds
There is a Formant whose frequency is below the first Formant of most vowels Antiformants
68
Which feature of the following is not a key acoustic feature of stop consonants
Anti formants

Applied Speech Science and Stuttering-julia (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions