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Immunology > Acquired / Adaptive Immunity > Flashcards

Acquired / Adaptive Immunity Flashcards

1
Q

how does antigen drive the acquired immune response

A

stimulating antigen-specific B & T lymphocytes

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2
Q

what are the essential components of the acquired immune response

A
  1. Antigen
  2. APCs
  3. Major Histocompatibility Complex molecules
  4. B & T lymphocytes
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3
Q

what must happen to an antigen before it can trigger the adaptive immune response

A

captured, processed and presented by APC to T- Helper Cell

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4
Q

what does the THC do after an antigen has been presented to it

A

stimulate T and B cells

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5
Q

what is the result of stimulating B & T Cells in the adaptive immune system

A
  1. antibody production (humoral immunity)
  2. cytotoxic cells
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6
Q

because B & T cells started producing antibodies and activating cytotoxic cells, what can occur?

A

elimination of antigen/ pathogen

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7
Q

what could be used as an antigen

A
  1. part of a microbe
  2. antigen in a vaccine
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8
Q

which type of foreign material will be presented using the MHC-II complex

A

extracellular

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9
Q

which type of foreign material will be presented using the MHC-I complex

A

intracellular

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10
Q

True or False:

The acquired immune system can recognize and respond to billions of foreign molecular structures

A

true

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11
Q

what is capable of inducing a specific immune response under appropriate conditions

A

antigen

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12
Q

what will recognize the antigen that induced a specific response

A
  1. specific antibody
  2. specific T Cells
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13
Q

B cells + antigen + effector B cells + antibody production =

A

humoral immune response

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14
Q

T cells + antigen + effector T cells =

A

cytotoxic T cells

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15
Q

what kind of antibody and T-cells are generated from an antigen response

A

specific to the response

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16
Q

what does antigen drive B cells to do

A

make antibody specific to the antigen that stimulated the B cell

17
Q

what does the antigen drive the TCell Receptor to do

A

proliferation of antigen-specific T cells

18
Q

what does the antigen drive the B cell receptors to do

A

proliferation of antigen-specific B cells

19
Q

what are not a product of the acquired immune response but are essential for antigen presentation

A

MHC molecules

20
Q

what is antigenicity

A

the ability of an antigen to bind with immune components

21
Q

what is immunogenicity

A

the ability of antigen to induce immune response

22
Q

what in general are poor immunogens

A

lipids and nucleic acids

23
Q

what are exceptions to “lipids/ nucleic acids are poor immunogens”

A
  1. prokaryotic nucleic acids
  2. bacterial LPS
  3. bacteria with capsular coatings
24
Q

what are the properties of a good immunogen

A
  1. stability
  2. foreignness (not self)
25
Q

what is the portion of the immunogenic molecule which actually binds with antibody or TCR/BCR

A

epitopes

26
Q

True or False:

Each different epitope will be recognized by different antibody, BCR and/or TCR

A

true

27
Q

what can cause an epitope to lose immunogenicity

A

structural changes due to denaturing or degradation

28
Q

True or False:

Identical or similar epitopes may sometimes be found on apparently unrelated molecules

A

true

29
Q

because of the similar epitopes, what is the consequence

A

unexpected reactions with an unrelated antigen

30
Q

what is the name of the reaction caused from similar epitopes

A

cross-reactivity

31
Q

what could cause an autoimmune response

A

microbial epitopes being similar to an animal’s own tissue epitopes
(this would result in the body attacking its own tissues)

32
Q

what are natural antibodies

A

antibodies against foreign antibodies without any known previous infection, vaccination or exposure

Immunology (6 decks)

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