Acquired Metabolic Disease

Question 1

Nervous System is not the primary area of the disease. Nervous System is affected secondarily,

Answer 1

Metabolic Disease

Question 2

Disease where there is Acute onset of generalized paralysis due to low potassium.

Answer 2

Periodic Hypokalemic Paralysis

Question 3

MOI of Periodic Hypokalemic Paralysis

Answer 3

1. Heavy Intake of Carbohydrates
2. Alcoholic Binge Drinking (Forgot to Hydrate)

Question 4

In Periodic Hypokalemic Paralysis, what diagnostic tool is appropriate to diagnose this condition and what can be found in this said diagnostic tool?

Answer 4

1. Serum Potassium
2. ECG where there is an extra wave called “U Wave” between the T & P wave.

Question 5

Clinical Manifestations of Periodic Hypokalemic Paralysis

Answer 5

1. Muscle weakness
2. Paralysis
3. The last involved affected is the respiratory system like GBS
4. Normal Reflex

Question 6

Lack of calcium results to what condition?

Answer 6

Hypocalcemic Tetany

Question 7

CM of Hypocalcemic Tetany

Answer 7

1. Carpopedal Spasm
2. Parasthesias/ Dysthesias
3. Some have MS weakness

Question 8

MOI of Hypocalcemic Tetany

Answer 8

Hyperventilation including panic attacks & crying spells

Question 9

How to diagnose Hypocalcemic Tetany?

Answer 9

Get calcium test

Question 10

Recovery period of Hypocalcemic Tetany

Answer 10

1-2 hours

Question 11

Recovery Period for Period Hypokalemic Paralysis

Answer 11

Few days less than a week

Question 12

Occurs when there are abnormalities in electrolytes, glucose, or oxygen

Answer 12

Metabolic Encelopathy

Question 13

Metabolic Encephalopathy can occur in pts with chronic renal disease, what condition do they have?

Answer 13

Uremia Encelopathy

Question 14

Metabolic Encephalopathy can occur in pts with infection, what condition do they have?

Answer 14

Septic Encelopathy

Question 15

Clinical Manifestations of Metabolic Encephalopathy

Answer 15

1. Decreased Sensorium
2. Convulsions/Seizures
3. Cognitive Abnormality/ Confusion

Question 16

Metabolic Encephalopathy can occur when patient have decreased sensorium, convulsions/seizures, and cognitive abnormality which is USUALLY SEEN IN DIABETIC PATIENTS due too high/low of Sugar.

Answer 16

Hypoglycemia/Hyperglycemia

Question 17

Which is harder to treat, Hypoglycemia or Hyperglycemia?

Answer 17

Hyperglycemia

Question 18

Hyperglycemia should be differentiated from what?

Answer 18

Diabetic ketoacidosis & Hyperosmolar Coma

Question 19

If pt have hyperglycemia and patient is + of urinary key tones. What do you call it?

Answer 19

Diabetic Ketoacidosis

Question 20

If pt have hyperglycemia and patient is - of urinary key tones. What do you call it?

Answer 20

Hyperosmolar Coma

Question 21

Tx of Hyperglycemia

Answer 21

Hydration: lots of fluids

Question 22

This condition can present sensorium/seizures/changes of
cognition which results from high or low of sodium.

Answer 22

Hypernatremia/Hyponatremia

Question 23

Hyponatremia can present with increased what?

Answer 23

Intracranial Pressure or cause neurological deficits

Question 24

Normal baseline of sodium

Answer 24

160-165

Question 25

To diagnose the patient with hyponatremia, what sodium levels does the patient have?

Answer 25

below 135

Question 26

To diagnose the patient with hypernatremia, what sodium levels does the patient have?

Answer 26

190

Question 27

This condition is caused by lack of oxygen.

Answer 27

Hypoxic Encephalopathy

Question 28

Common cause of Hypoxic Encephalopathy

Answer 28

CP arrest

Question 29

Clinical Manifestations of Hypoxic Encephalopathy

Answer 29

1. Dyspnea 2. Hypoxia

Question 30

Transient Deficits / No Permanent Sequalae

Answer 30

Class 1 of Hypoxic Encephalopathy

Question 31

With Residual Focal Neurological Deficits

Answer 31

Class II of Hypoxic Encephalopathy

Question 32

Permanent Deficits in the Cerebral Cortex but the Brainstem intact (persistent vegetative state)

Answer 32

Class 3 A of Hypoxic Encephalopathy

Question 33

Permanent Damage to both Cerebral Hemispheres

Answer 33

Class 3 B of Hypoxic Encephalopathy