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Module 15- Cardiorespiratory And Haemopoietic > Acquired murmurs in dogs > Flashcards

Acquired murmurs in dogs Flashcards

(50 cards)

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1
Q

Definition of Acquired

A

Not present at birth and acquired during life
Though it may be caused by genetic factors

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2
Q

Definition of a Murmur and name some causes

A

Abnormal heart sound caused by turbulent blood flow
Valvular incompetency
Stenosis
Abnormal connection (Ventricular septum defect)

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3
Q

Examples of Endocardial disease

A

Endocardiosis/Degenerative mitral valve disease/myomatous mitral valve disease
Endocarditis

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4
Q

Examples of Myocardial disease

A

Dilated cardiomyopathy (Primary or secondary)
Arrhythmic right ventricular cardiomyopathy
Hypertrophiccardiomyopathy (Primary or secondary)
Myocarditis

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5
Q

What is the most common disease relating to the heart for dogs

A

Endocardial disease- Degenerative mitral valve disease

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6
Q

What dog breed is predisposed to have degenerative mitral valve disease

A

Cavalier Kings Charles Spaniel

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7
Q

What are the likelihoods of the different valves will be affected by MMVD

A

Mitral (Left AV)- 95%
Tricuspid valve- 35%
Aortic valve- 3%

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8
Q

Outline pathophysiology of DMVD

A
  1. Valve leakage
  2. Eccentric hypertrophic of left ventricle
  3. Volume overload of left ventricle
  4. Decreased CO
  5. Stimulation of RAAS
  6. Left atrial enlargement
  7. Pulmonary hypertension
  8. Right side CHF
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9
Q

Clinical finding of a cough is common in dogs or cats in Endocardial disease

A

Dogs!

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10
Q

Clinical signs of Endocardial disease/DMVD in dogs

A

Asymptomatic
Signs of left sided cardiomegaly- Cough
Signs of LCHF- Tachypnoea/Dyspnoea due to pulmonary oedema/Cough/Excersise intolerance
Signs if RCHF- Ascites/Dyspnoea due to pleural effusion

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11
Q

T/F Clinical examination can determine which valve is affected by DMVD

A

True!

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12
Q

T/F Murmur grade is related to severity of disease

A

True!

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13
Q

Outline the ACVIM Modified ACC

A

Classification used to guide treatment
A- Predisposed
B1- Asymptomatic/No Cardiomegaly
B2- Asymptomatic/Cardiomegaly
C- Current of previous CHF
D- Refractory CHF

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14
Q

What valves does bacterial endocarditis frequently affect the most for dogs/cats/horse

A

Valves on left side
Aortic valve the most common
Mitral second most

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15
Q

State the defect that predisposed dogs to develop endocarditis

A

Congenital Aortic Stenosis

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16
Q

What valves does bacterial endocarditis frequently affect the most for cattle

A

Valves on right side

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17
Q

Clinical presentations of endocarditis

A

Pyrexia
Joint pain and stiffness/Lameness
New left sided murmur

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18
Q

Diagnosis for endocarditis

A

Blood culture
Urine culture
Joint taps
Echocardiography
Thoracic radiology
Abdominal ultrasonography
Haematology

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19
Q

Treatment for endocarditis

A

Antibiotics
Supportive therapy

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20
Q

Prevention for endocarditis for dogs with with severe aortic stenosis

A

Treat with prophylactic antibiotics if undergoing routine dental treatments/or if they have wounds

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21
Q

What is the most common myocardial disease in dogs

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A
  1. Dilated Cardiomyopathy
  2. Arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy
22
Q

T/F Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is common in dogs

23
Q

T/F Myocarditis is common in dogs

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A

False ( Probably under diagnosed)

24
Q

Aetiology of DCM in dogs (Primary)

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A

Idiopathic
Hereditary

25
Breeds of dogs predisposed to DCM
Doberman/Irish wolfhounds/Boxer
26
Aetiology of DCM in dogs (Secondary)
Toxic-doxorubicin (Chemo) Tachycardia induced Dietary- Taurine/Carnitine/Grain deficiency
27
Pathophysiology of DCM
1. Systolic failure 2. Poor CO=Exercise intolerance 3. Stimulation of RAAS-Fluid retention-L/RCHF 4. Dilation of left ventricle 5. Ventricular arrhythmias 6. Sudden death
28
T/F Females are predisposed to DCM in dogs
False! Males more often
29
Clinical signs for DCM in dogs
Exercise intolerance RSCHF>LSCHF R: Pleural effusion/Ascites L: Cough/Dyspnoea/Tachypnoea/Exercise Intolerance
30
Meaning of syncope
Loss of consciousness
31
Difference in clinical signs between DCM and DMVD
DCM- Weak pulse/Poor capillary refill time/Pallor
32
Meaning of pallor
Pale colour of MM
33
What is the normal ratio of the size of left ventricle to aorta in ultrasound
Normal: <1.5
34
State the mutation in the genes of dobermans that predispose them to DCM
PDK4 Mutation and Tintin mutation
35
T/F DCM is a progressive disease
True!
36
T/F DMVD is a not progressive disease
False!
37
Average survival after onset of congestive heart failure
Doberman: <9months Average: 6-18 months
38
T/F Dilated cardiomyopathy may be present in an 'occult' form for several years before CHF develops
True!
39
Name the drugs to treat to Ventricular arrhythmias in dogs
Solatol Mexiletine Amiodarone
40
Name the drugs to treat fast atrial fibrillation in dogs
Digoxin Diltiazem Atenolol
41
Solatol is used to treat?
Ventricular arrhythmias
42
Digoxin is used to treat?
Atrial fibrillation
43
Name the drug used to manage early stage DCM
Pimobendan
44
What dog breeds are predisposed to Arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy
Boxers and Bulldogs
45
What cat breeds are predisposed to Arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy
None!
46
Management of ARVC
Support systolic function with pimobendan Reducing further remodelling with ACE inhibitors Treat life threatening ventricular arrhythmias with solatol
47
State criteria for treating ventricular arrhythmias
Runs of ventricular tachycardia >180bpm Multiform VPCs- Coming from different places Close coupling of ventricular ectopic
48
Clinical findings of myocarditis in dogs
Not specific to cardiac disease Secondary to infection/neoplasia Arrhythmias common Ventricular arrhythmias may be multi focal Pyrexia
49
Diagnosis of myocarditis and name the specific protein tested
High serum troponin 1 Myocardial biopsy Rising titres on serology
50
T/F Sudden cardiac death is common for myocarditis
True!

Module 15- Cardiorespiratory And Haemopoietic (21 decks)

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