Acronyms Flashcards

Question

FIFRA

Answer 1

Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act of 1996 Provided federal control of pesticide distribution, sale, and use Required pesticide users to register with the EPA FIFRA amendments required all users of pesticides to pass a certification exam in order to apply pesticides

Answer 2

Federal Savings Loan Insurance Corporation Part of the 1934 National Housing Act Insures savings deposits

Answer 3

Measure of dispersion Often used to describe income inequality If everyone in a population has the same income, the coefficient equals zero

Answer 4

Hazardous Air Pollution | An air pollutant for which National Ambient Air Quality Standards do not exist and which can pose a serious health risk

Answer 5

Housing and Home Finance Agency - 1947 Predecessor to HUD All federal housing programs were under this agency Administered urban renewal programs until the creation of HUD

Answer 6

Home Owners Loan Corporation Created in 1932 as part of the Federal Home Loan Bank system Created to refinance mortgages of economically distressed homeowners and assist struggling home finance institutions Used redlining to prohibit granting mortgages in specific regions; which later became illegal Program expired in 1954

Answer 7

Established in 1992 to replace large-scale, low-quality public housing projects with smaller, low-rise, higher-quality, mixed-income buildings Provided housing vouchers to some public housing residents to rent apartments in the private market Goal was to decrease the concentration of very low-income families and reduce de facto segregation

Answer 8

Housing and Urban Development Created based on the Housing and Urban Development Act of 1965 Cabinet level agency Robert Weaver was first secretary of HUD and first African-American cabinet member Established rent subsidy programs for individuals and families living below the poverty line, granted home loans at 3 percent interest for low and moderate-income families, and provided subsidies for public housing projects

Answer 9

Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act - 1991 | Required coordination between states and metropolitan areas for air quality standards

Answer 10

Intelligent transportation system Uses computer-based information and sensing technologies to improve traffic coordination and system capacity as well as safety and efficiency Examples include changeable freeway message signs, coordinated signal systems, and automated toll collection

Answer 11

Land Evaluation and Site Assessment - 1981 Rating system developed by the Natural Resources Conservation Service of the USDA so that local governments can assess the suitability of one or more parcels of farmland for continued agricultural use Land evaluation criteria combine soil suitability analysis with other factors such as agricultural productivity and neighboring land uses Site assessment criteria also include economic, social, and geographic features of an area that have the potential to influence development pressures on agricultural areas

Answer 12

Local Housing Authorities Empowered and funded under Wagner-Steagall Housing Act of 1937 to determine local housing needs, construct, and operate public housing projects as well as engage in slum clearance

Answer 13

Low Income Housing Tax Credits

Answer 14

Location Quotient Measure of industrial/employment concentration Local share versus regional/national share Greater than 1, export Less than 1, import

Answer 15

Level of service Qualitative ranking measure describing operational conditions within a traffic stream Generally described in terms of factors such as speed and travel time, traffic interruptions, comfort and convenience, and safety Measured as the volume to capacity ratio

Answer 16

Locally undesirable land use Landfills Issue of environmental justice based on siting/location

Answer 17

Maximum contaminant level Highest level of a contaminant that is allowed in drinking water Example: nitrates = 10ppm; flouride = 4ppm

Answer 18

Metropolitan Planning Organization If the population of a metro area is greater than 50,000, an MPO must be created in order to be eligible to receive federal funding It is not a level of government and does not regulate land use Reviews programs that affect the region, certifies consistency among programs in a region, and coordinates transportation and land use decisions in a region

Answer 19

Metropolitan statistical area Core area with large population and adjacent communities High degree of social and economic integration in core Core may have more than 50,000 people or a population of at least 100,000 in an urbanized area May include parts or all of one or more counties

Answer 20

National Ambient Air Quality Standards Air quality standards, originally established for carbon monoxide, lead, nitrogen oxide, sulfur dioxide, particulate, and ozone Additional standards added later for asbestos, vinyl chloride, benzene, arsenic, beryllium, mercury, radon, and radionuclides other than radon The additional standards are due to asbestos processing, dry cleaning, and commercial sterilization facilities The purpose of these standards is to provide an "ample margin of safety" to human health

Answer 21

North American Industrial Classification System | Arose due to NAFTA to create a unified system between Canada, Mexico, and U.S.

Answer 22

National Environmental Policy Act of 1969 Established a national framework for environmental protection Required an environmental impact statement for every federal or federally funded state or local action with potential to harm the environment Acknowledged the importance of an open and public decision-making process in environmental decisions Environment analysis requirement If proposed action has potential for significant impact, an Environmental Assessment must be prepared If a proposed action will have significant environmental impact, an Environmental Impact Statement must be prepared that documents all environmental impacts. EIS is lengthy and requires a great deal of effort 15,41

Answer 23

National Flood Insurance Program Administered by FEMA Makes flood insurance available to home and business owners To limit the extent of possible damage due to flooding, requires homes in designated floodplain to be elevate and businesses in flood hazard locations to be elevated or flood-proofed

Answer 24

National Pollution Discharge Elimination System of 1972 Authorized by the Clean Water Act Put in place to control water pollution by regulating point sources that discharge pollutants into water bodies Industrial and municipal polluters must obtain an NPDES discharge permit and meet both federal and state water quality standards

Answer 25

Natural Resources Conservation Service, formerly known as the Soil Conservation Service Made prevention of soil erosion a national responsibility Conduct soil erosion surveys and implement erosion measures Soils maps show different soil types and are useful for locating high quality farmland and areas where septic systems may function properly

Answer 26

New York City Tenement Housing Law of 1879 Required tenement buildings to provide only a narrow airshaft between adjacent structures and only two toilets on each floor Notorious for poor living conditions imposed on residents (lack of light, air, and space) and were called dumbbell tenements because of their shape

Answer 27

Polychlorinated biphenyl Used from 1926 to 1976 in electric transformers Manufactured chemicals including 200 compounds made up of carbon, hydrogen, and chlorine Pose a serious health hazard and can exist for a long time in the environment Formally banned in 1979

Answer 28

Purchase of Development Rights Separates ownership of land from the right to develop Right to develop is purchased, often by government or non-profit land trust Allows certain features to be preserved, although owner can still use it for farming or open space

Answer 29

Prevention of Significant Deterioration Refers to procedures utilized in national parks and monuments to check for presence of sulfur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide, carbon monoxide, and particulate matter in the air Purpose is to detect any deterioration of air quality

Answer 30

Program Evaluation Review Technique Shows how different tasks are related, depicts tasks and duration of tasks using forked lines Used to reallocate available resources (time, labor, etc.) among tasks in order to keep the project on time and operating within the budget Graphic depiction of interrelationships of tasks that make up project

Answer 31

Primary Metropolitan Statistical Area Can include one or more counties that have substantial commuting interchange May be more than one PMSA in an MSA that has a population greater than 1,000,000 or more When two or more PMSAs have been recognized, the larger area of which they are components is a CMSA

Answer 32

Planning Program Budgetary System Developed by Robert McNamara at the US DOD Emerged in the 1960s and 1970s and was adopted by a number of state and local governments Divides government operations into program components rather than objects of expenditure Focuses on fundamental objectives of a program, identifies future implications of current budgeting decision, considers all costs, and analyzes alternatives

Answer 33

Potentially responsible party Superfund Enforcement Tracking System contains the names of potentially responsible individuals or companies They are notified by EPA that they are potentially responsible for the cleanup costs at Superfund sites

Answer 34

Prevention of Significant Deterioration Required under the Clean Air Act Refers to the permit application and review process for the construction and operation of new and modified stationary sources of pollution in attainment areas (areas that comply with NAAQS)

Answer 35

Private Sewage Treatment Facilities Usually permitted and constructed only if no public treatment facilities are available Must be consistent with municipal capital facilities plans and local zoning ordinances Small, privately owned may be used for a small number of housing units to handle between 3,000 and 10,000 gallons per day May be permitted to protect water quality, but would not be permitted in floodplains, near public water supplies, or near rare or endangered species habitats Many states prohibit them because they are unreliable

Answer 36

Planned Unit Development May be large-scale, mixed-use or high density residential Allow for flexibility in the siting of buildings and implementation of development standards Used to improve site design, provide amenities such as open space by allowing cluster zoning, and can be used to increase density

Answer 37

Resource Conservation and Recovery Act of 1976 Cradle-to-grave legislation for hazardous waste materials Gave the EPA authority to control the generation, treatment, storage, transport, and disposal of hazardous waste Household hazardous wastes are exempt from RCRA regulations

Answer 38

Religious Land Use and Institutionalized Persons Act of 2000 No government shall impose or implement a land use regulation in a manner that imposes a substantial burden on the religious exercise of a person, including a religious assembly or institution, unless the government demonstrates that imposition of the burden on that person, assembly, or institution is in furtherance of a compelling governmental interest; and is the least restrictive means of furthering that compelling governmental interest

Answer 39

Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act of 1986 Reauthorized Superfund/CERCLA and stressed the importance of permanent remedies and the use of new technologies in cleaning up hazardous waste sites Increased state involvement in all phases of the Superfund program Encouraged increased public participation in the decision-making process concerning the clean up of hazardous waste sites

Answer 40

Safe Drinking Water Act of 1974 Enacted to protect the quality of drinking water Set standards for drinking water Covers all waters actually or potentially used for drinking use, whether from above or below ground sources All owners or operators of public water systems are required to comply with the standards of SDWA

Answer 41

State Hazard Mitigation Officer | Required based on the Robert Safford Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act of 1988

Answer 42

State Historic Preservation Officer Required under the 1966 National Historic Preservation Act Each state must appoint an SHPO

Answer 43

Standard Industrial Classification | Used from the 1930s to 2002 and was replaced by NAICS

Answer 44

State Implementation Program Required for metropolitan areas that do not meet federal NAAQS Required under the Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990

Answer 45

Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats Considers various internal and external factors Considers various resources

Answer 46

Standard State Zoning Enabling Act of 1924 and 1926 Influenced by the 1916 zoning ordinance in New York City Confirmed the states' authority to delegate police power to municipalities to enact local zoning ordinances Drafted and approved by Secretary of Commerce Hoover

Answer 47

Traffic analysis zones Geographic unit created by dividing a planning region into similar areas of land use Usually the size of a census tract and are the unit of analysis in traditional travel demand models

Answer 48

Travel demand management Goal is to reduce congestion occurring when demand for roads far exceeds the supply of roads Seeks to decrease dependence on the car while increasing reliance on mass transit and alternative forms of transportation such as walking, biking, and ridesharing Seeks to reduce the amount of travel occurring at peak times Strategies include increasing the use of flex time or car pools and increasing the cost of parking

Answer 49

Transfer of development rights Separates ownership of land from right to develop Right to develop in sending area purchased and used to development land in a receiving area more intensely Goal is to increase urban density and minimize sprawl Must be permitted by a municipality's zoning ordinance Must take into account economic factors to ensure that there will be a market for more intense development

Answer 50

Transportation Equity Act for the 21st Century - 1998 Successor to ISTEA, which expired in 1997 Combined continuation and improvement of current programs with new initiatives such as improving safety as traffic volumes continue to increase, protecting the natural environment, and advancing economic growth and competitiveness through more efficient and flexible transportation systems Emphasized transit as an alternative to highway construction and expansion Continued the planning process for roads and transit that was developed under ISTEA and allowed for flexibility in allotment of funds for transit and transportation enhancements Provided enhancement grants for improvements to scenic quality, pedestrian and bike paths, and preservation of historical highway facilities

Answer 51

Tax increment financing

Answer 52

Topologically Integrated Geographic Encoding and Referencing System Developed by U.S Census to meet major geographic needs of 1990 census such as producing the cartographic products, providing the geographic structure for tabulation and dissemination of statistical data, and assigning residential and employer addresses to the correct geographic location Can be used as the basis for a municipal GIS

Answer 53

Transportation Improvement Program Multimodal listing of the highway, public transit, bike, and pedestrian improvements as well as transportation emission reduction measures for which federal funds have been earmarked in a particular region Usually in effect for 3-5 and is consistent with a metropolitan transportation plan, and serves to prioritize projects and provide a timeline for implementation

Answer 54

Total Maximum Daily Load | Calculation of the maximum amount of a pollutant that a body of water can receive and still meet water quality standards

Answer 55

Transit Oriented Development High-density, pedestrian-friendly development near transit stops so that more people can use transit conveniently Studies have shown that transit ridership increases when both residential and commercial uses are within walking distance of transit stops

Answer 56

Tennessee Valley Authority - 1933 Created to provide for unified and multipurpose rehabilitation and redevelopment of the Tennessee Valley, America's most famous experiment in river-basin planning

Answer 57

Urban Growth Boundary A line drawn to separate rural and urban areas Used to contain urban growth with an area and maintain rural nature of property outside of boundary Public infrastructure is not extended past boundary Oregon - enough land to support development over next 20 years

Answer 58

Volatile organic compound | Highly mobile organic compound such as petroleum, hydrocarbons, and solvents that readily evaporate

Answer 59

Works Progress Administration of 1935 New Deal program Created link between urban planning and economic development in which the federal government implemented programs to stimulate the local economy Federal government offered work to the unemployed by spending money on a wide variety of programs including highway and building construction, slum clearance, and rural rehabilitation

Answer 60

``` Zoning Board of Appeals Considers requests for variances Hears appeals of any decision made by zoning enforcement officer Approves special use permits Makes recommendation to governing body ```

Answer 61

Zip Code Tabulation Area Developed by U.S. Census for tabulating summary statistics from 2000 Census Developed to overcome difficulties in precisely defining the land area covered by each zip code Geographic area that approximates but does not necessarily coincide with the delivery area for a five-digit zip code

Answer 62

Housing Assistance Plan Required for all projects using CDBG funding Spells out community housing needs and lays out plans for implementing local housing policies

Answer 63

Average daily traffic | Number of vehicles on road during non-weekend, non-holiday time

Answer 64

Point of beginning - surveyor's mark at the beginning location in surveying land

Answer 65

Americans with Disabilities Act 1990 Required mass transit systems to be accessible to those with physical disabilities Required paratransit services to be provided for those who cannot drive themselves or use public transit

Acronyms Flashcards

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