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NCM 112 > ACS & MI > Flashcards

ACS & MI Flashcards

(75 cards)

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1
Q

Another term for ACS

A

Coronary Artery Disease (CAD)

Coronary Heart Disease (CHD)

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2
Q

Disease or a condition that is more than six (6) months

A

Chronic

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3
Q

This is a group of signs and symptoms

A

Syndrome

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4
Q

Its layman’s term is “heart attack”

A

Infarction

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5
Q

Medical term for death of tissues

A

Necrosis

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6
Q

Ischemia does not lead to infarction. True or False

A

False

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7
Q

What is ischemia?

A

Compromised supply of oxygenated blood

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8
Q

Is the abnormal accumulation of lipid or fatty substances and fibrous tissue in the lining of the arterial blood vessel walls

A

Coronary atherosclerosis

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9
Q

A patch of atherosclerosis

A

Plaque

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10
Q

What are the clinical manifestations of myocardial infarction

A

Chest pain or angina shortness of breath indigestion nausea anxiety

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11
Q

What are the three cardiac biomarkers

A

Troponin
Creatine Kinase
Myoglobin

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12
Q

What do you mean by CABG

A

Coronary artery bypass graft

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13
Q

When is the peak of myoglobin

A

12 hours

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14
Q

When does troponin returns to normal

A

One to three weeks

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15
Q

When is the onset of CKMB

A

4-8 hours

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16
Q

When is the onset of troponin

A

3 to 4 hours

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17
Q

When does CKMB return to normal

A

3 to 4 days

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18
Q

When is the peak of CKMB

A

12 to 24 hours

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19
Q

When is the peak of troponin

A

4 to 24 hours

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20
Q

What is the meaning of PTCA

A

Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty

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21
Q

What are the three forms of ACS

A

Unstable angina
Non-ST segment elevation MI
ST segment elevation MI

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22
Q

Unstable angina can be relieved with rest and nitroglycerin. True or false

A

False

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23
Q

ST segment elevation is in three continues leads. True or false

A

False

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24
Q

What are the three possible changes seen in the ECG of a patient who has a myocardial infarction

A

ST segment elevation

T-wave inversion abnormal Q wave

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25
What is the meaning of sclerosis
That means hardening
26
What are the interventions needed to be obtained within 10 minutes after arrival at the ER
``` IV administration blood specimen admitting the patient give aspirin ECG ```
27
ST segment elevation is reversible. true or false
True
28
T-wave inversion is irreversible true or false
False
29
Abnormal Q wave is irreversible true or false
True
30
What should be given to the patient in order to dissolve and break down the clot in a coronary artery
Thrombolytics
31
When should thrombolytics be given to the patient
It should be given within 30 minutes of presentation to the hospital
32
Door to PCI Should be given within how many minutes
90 minutes
33
Give three thrombolytic agents
Alteplase (Activase) Reteplase (retavase) Tenecteplase (TNKase)
34
The nurse can give thrombolytics to patient who has bleeding. True or false
False
35
Normal hematocrit level for females
37% to 47%
36
Normal hemoglobin level for male
14 to 18 MG per DL
37
Normal hemoglobin level for female
12 to 16 MG Per DL
38
Normal hematocrit level for male
45% to 52%
39
This is a surgical procedure in which a blood vessel is crafted to an occluded coronary artery so that blood can flow beyond the occlusion
CABG
40
Coronary arteries must have at least 70% occlusion or at least 40% occlusion if in the left main coronary artery. true or false
False
41
What is the primary focus of nurses and taking care of patients with ACS?
Relieve pain
42
A phase in the cardiac rehabilitation where patient are encouraged to do physical activity, client and family education and provide counseling
Phase I
43
A phase in CR where patients focus on maintaining cardiovascular stability and long term conditioning
Phase III
44
Off-pump CABG uses CPB machine. True or False
False
45
Interventions to be done to relieve pain
Administer aspirin Administer morphine Oxygen via nasal cannula
46
To improve respiratory function, encourage patient to get a lot of sleep. True or false
False
47
In an ECG graph, this segment is usually isoelectric or in the flatline
ST segment
48
What happens in the P wave
Atrial depolarization
49
What happens in the T-wave
Ventricular repolarization
50
What happens in the ST segment
Early ventricular repolarization
51
What happens in the QRS complex
Ventricular depolarization
52
In assessing ACS and MI on a patient, the jugular venous return increases. True or False
True
53
What does depolarization means
Contraction
54
What does repolarization means
Relaxation
55
Three troponin isomers
Troponin: C, I, T
56
CK Isoenzymes
CK-MM CK-MB CK-BB
57
Isoenzyme specific for skeletal muscles
CK-MM
58
Isoenzymes specific to brain tissue
CK-BB
59
Isoenzymes specific to heart muscles
CK-MB
60
When should blood samples be collected?
During IV insertion
61
What does AED means?
Automatic External Defibrillator
62
What can you find in an ECG reading that will give you an idea that the patient has had history of MI?
Abnormal Q wave
63
Cite two examples of medication-coated stents
Sirolimus (Rapamune) | Paclitaxel (Taxol)
64
A ballon catheter is used to open the blocked coronary vessels to resolve ischemia.
PTCA
65
After the PTCA procedure, position the patient in semi-fowlers. True or false
False
66
What can be given to a patient after PTCA procedure to increase HR?
IV atropine
67
Thrombolytics is indicated to patients with chest pain lasting more than 20 mins. True or False
True
68
Start thrombolytic therapy before IV line. True or false
False
69
In a minor bleeding, nurse should discontinue thrombolytic therapy. True or false
False
70
This is the commonly used vein in CABG
Saphenous vein
71
This is characterized by yellowish plaques of cholesterol, other lipids and cellular debris in the inner layers of the walls of the arteries
Atherosclerosis
72
What are the nursing interventions for a patient who has stable angina?
Rest | Administer nitroglycerine
73
What does ISA means?
Injection Site Adapter
74
An accumulation of large amounts of extracellular lipids and fibrous tissue localized into a lipid core
Atheroma
75
Troponin isomers specific for cardiac muscle
Troponin I & T

NCM 112 (2 decks)

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