Action Potentials, Synapses and Neural Networks

Question 1

Unipolar

Answer 1

Sensory

Question 1

Classification of Neurons is based off?

Answer 1

Structure - the number of process off the soma
Function - the direction of signal in relation to soma

Question 2

Bipolar

Answer 2

Special senses

Question 3

Multipolar

Answer 3

The most abundant, primary motor and interneurons

Question 4

Afferent

Answer 4

Towards cell body / CNS

Question 5

Efferent

Answer 5

Away from the cell body / CNS

Question 6

Interneuron

Answer 6

Within the CNS

Question 7

Resting Membrane Potential

Answer 7

Sodium on the outside
Potassium on the inside

Question 8

Voltage gated channels

Answer 8

Change with electrical charge

Question 9

Ligand Gated Channels

Answer 9

Change with binding (neurotransmitters)

Question 10

Depolarization

Answer 10

Potential difference reduced (becomes more positive)

Question 11

Repolarization

Answer 11

Return to resting membrane potential (becomes more negative)

Question 12

Hyperpolarization

Answer 12

More negative than resting membrane potential

Question 13

Depolarization and depolarization occur via ________

Answer 13

Diffusion

Question 14

When the action potential is completed you need to utilize the _____________

Answer 14

ATPase pump

Question 15

Absolute Refractory Period

Answer 15

Axon membrane is incapable of producing another action potential

Question 16

Relative Refractory Period

Answer 16

Axon membrane can produce another action potential, but requires stronger stimulus

Question 17

Coding for Stimulus Intensity

Answer 17

Increased frequency of action potential indicates a greater stimulus strength
Low frequency - weaker stimulus
High frequency - stronger stimulus

Question 18

Recruitment

Answer 18

Stronger stimuli can activate more axons with a higher threshold

Question 19

Conduction in an Unmyelinated Axon

Answer 19

Conduction rate is slow, action potential must be produced at every fraction of micrometer

Question 20

Conduction in Myelinated Axon

Answer 20

Action potential only occurs at the nodes. Saltatory conduction (leaps) fast rate of conduction

Question 21

Synpase

Answer 21

Functional connection between a neuron and another neuron or effector cell. Transmission in one direction only. Axon of first (presynaptic) to second (postsynaptuc) neuron

Question 22

Electrical Synapase

Answer 22

Impulses can be regenerated without interruption in adjacent cells. Within the gap junction, adjacent cells are electrically coupled through a channel

Question 23

Chemical Synapse

Answer 23

Neurotransmitter is released from synaptic vesicles, the amount is dependent on the frequency of action potentials.

Question 24

Excitatory Postsynaptic Potenital

Answer 24

Excitatory neurotransmitter such as glutamate or acetylcholine - depolarization

Question 25

Inhibitory Postsynaptic Potential

Answer 25

Inhibitory neurotransmitter such as GABA - hyperpolarization

Question 26

What is in the CNS

Answer 26

Brain and spinal cord

Question 27

What is in the PNS

Answer 27

Spinal nerves and autonomic nervous system

Question 28

Hemispericity

Answer 28

Free-forward mechanism from cerebellum

Question 29

Primary Somatosensory Cortex

Answer 29

Post central gyrus. BA 3, 1, 2

Question 30

Primary Motor Cortex

Answer 30

Pre central gyrus, BA 4, 6

Question 31

Fasicles

Answer 31

Groups of axons

Question 32

Funiculus

Answer 32

Groups of fascicles, forming tracts in the spinal cord

Question 33

Cervical Level Apperance

Answer 33

Wide flat cord, lots of white matter, ventral horn enlargements

Question 34

Thoracic Level Apperance

Answer 34

Pointed tips which stick out between the small dorsal and ventral horns. Intermediate horn - source for all sympathetics in the body (T1-L2)

Question 35

Lumbar Level Apperance

Answer 35

Round cord, ventral horn enlargements

Question 36

Somatotopy

Answer 36

The point for point correspondence of an area of the body to a specific point on the central nervous system