Action Theory + Education Flashcards
(38 cards)
what are the 2 Ps and the R that action believe occurs within schools?
- Processes
- Procedures
- Responses
what are action theorists interested in about education?
they are interested in the day-to-day interactions that take place within the education system between groups and how we react to it (positive/negative)
what interactions occur in education?
- peer interactions with each other
- teach and pupil interactions
what is the first educational theory?
LABELLING THEORY (a process)
according to BECKER what is a label?
making a judgement/assumption based on stereotypes (from generalisations), and attaching a label to them
what is the response to the labelling theory
SELF-FULFILLING PROPHECY
what are the 3 steps for self-fulfilling prophecy to be achieved?
1- Person is labelled, label is attached/treated accordingly
2-Person believes, person accepts label + internalises it
3-Person become, judgement becomes part of self image, with prediction being fulfilled (self-fulfilling prophecy)
who presented evidence for this prophecy?
ROSENTHAL + JACOBSON
give detail on the rosenthal and jacobson study?
- ‘late-bloomer’ label on 20% of students
- treatment= warm climate, input(taught more), response opportunity, differentiated feedback, helped if wrong
what was RAY RIST’s study?
- primary school, teacher’s labelling on 4/5 yo
- bad students kept at arms length, ‘don’t want them near me, too disruptive.’
- labels based on parental income + postcode
- students labelled as ‘tigers’ + ‘clowns’
what were the two things that becker found about labelling?
- halo effect
- ideal pupil
what is the halo effect?
teachers see some pupils like an angel, they’re perfect and don’t do anything wrong
-effects way that teachers treat students
what is the ideal pupil?
the student that teachers want, seen as perfect, with characteristics (eg- organised, hard-worker, smart.) they want to see
what was the evidence for the halo effect/ideal pupil?
-becker’s 60 teachers unstructured interview
what did becker find in the interview?
- teachers perceived those who were well behaved, polite, well-mannered, as ‘bright and more able.’
- these students couldn’t do anything wrong, they are given halo effect, becoming ideal pupil.
what is the argument against the interview findings
teachers views based on early impressions of class, gender + ethnicity, not ability?
what are the 3 arguments against the action theorist view on these processes?
- too deterministic, they say we have free-will, but internalising/becoming label is deterministic.
- extent of free will is exaggerated.
- MARY FULLER, black girls seen as less intelligent so made their own Saturday school and ended up doing highly in GCSEs.(self-refuting prophecy)
what happens when students are sorted into ability groups?
students are allocated to ability groups due to given labels.
-this shapes what/how they are taught + the examinations they take
what are sets?
ability group based on individual subjects, so there can be different sets based on ability in each specific subject.
what are streams?
one overall grouping for all subjects, same grouping.
what are the effects of setting or streaming?
- learning environments (top v bottom)
- labelling is used to place people in sets, labels to do with set person is in
what are the consequences of setting and streaming?
- lower sets don’t get as many opportunities and miss out on college/uni places, due to exams and not getting taught what they need to.
- lower sets achieve lower grades which can impact their future, while top sets achieve higher due to more opportunities/academic help.
what is the Education Triage, according to GILLBORN + YOUDELL?
a way of categorising students into 3 sections based on their grades and who need help
what are the three sections in the education triage?
- safe
- borderline
- failures
