Active Earth

Question 1

basic layers of earth

Answer 1

inner core, outer core, mantle, crust

Question 2

uppermost layer of mantle + crust

Answer 2

lithosphere

Question 3

oceanic crust is

Answer 3

Basaltic

Question 4

Continental crust is…

Answer 4

Granatic

Question 5

father of continental drift

Answer 5

Alfred Wegener

Question 6

Ocean floor has

Answer 6

Many structures

Question 7

Large and long connected underwater mountain chains

Answer 7

Mid-ocean ridges

Question 8

Incredibly deep areas on the ocean floor

Answer 8

Ocean trenches

Question 9

Ocean crust made up of

Answer 9

Basalt

Question 10

Seafloor spreading

Answer 10

Explains magnetic striping

Question 11

Seafloor spread process:

Answer 11

Subduction

Question 12

Combining and modifying seafloor spreading and continental drift resulted in

Answer 12

Plate tectonics theory

Question 13

According to Plate tecnotics

Answer 13

Pieces of the earths lithosphere move in relation to each other

Question 14

Earths lithosphere divided into

Answer 14

Plates

Question 15

Plates

Answer 15

Rigid, they deform by earthquakes

Question 16

Passive margins

Answer 16

Found at the edge of the continent where the oceanic crust is on the same tectonic plate, not characterized by volcanos and earthquakes

Question 17

Active margins

Answer 17

The edge of a continent coincides with a plate boundary, earthquakes and volcanic activity

Question 18

Divergent boundary

Answer 18

Found between two plates that move in opposite directions

Question 19

Most common divergent boundary

Answer 19

Mid-ocean ridge and continental rift

Question 20

Convergent boundary

Answer 20

Two plates collide

Question 21

Convergent boundary types (3)

Answer 21

Continental-continental
Continental-oceanic
Oceanic-oceanic

Question 22

Continental oceanic convergence:

Answer 22

Ocean crust is denser
Leads to continental arc volcanoes

Question 23

Oceanic-oceanic convergence:

Answer 23

Two ocean crusts collide
Island arc volcanoes

Question 24

Continental-continental convergence:

Answer 24

Two continental crust collide, crust pushed up
Forms a large mountain belt

Question 25

Transform boundaries:

Answer 25

Two plates move alongside and past each other, not directly towards

Question 26

Transform boundaries main areas

Answer 26

Near mid-ocean ridges Cutting across continents

Question 27

Hot spots

Answer 27

A plume of magma originates in the lower mantle and rises through the crust

Question 28

Plate movements currently

Answer 28

A few centimeters per year

Question 29

Was the Flood global?

Answer 29

Yes, a local flood could not last a year and could not judge humanity

Question 30

3 main types of forces rocks experience in the Earth

Answer 30

Compressional Tensional Shear forces

Question 31

Rocks can bend (….) or break (….)

Answer 31

Folds, faults

Question 32

Two basic types of folds

Answer 32

Synclines- U shaped Anticlines- upside down U

Question 33

Two types of large scale folds

Answer 33

Domes Basins

Question 34

Types of faults (3)

Answer 34

Dip-slip faults: vertical movement Strike- slip faults: horizontal movement Oblique-slip faults: combination

Question 35

Types of dip-slip faults

Answer 35

Normal fault: a wall moves down Reverse fault: a wall moves up Thrust fault: reverse fault with very shallow angle (<10º)

Question 36

Earthquakes occur when

Answer 36

Stresses build up in the earth and rocks fracture, leads to vibration that can cause damage

Question 37

Waves that propagate

Answer 37

Seismic waves

Question 38

Epicenter

Answer 38

Line drawn in the surface from the focus

Question 39

Seismic waves

Answer 39

Wave of energy from an earthquake, body waves or surface waves

Question 40

Body waves (2 types)

Answer 40

Primary waves (compression) and secondary waves (transverse)

Question 41

Surface waves (2 types)

Answer 41

Love waves (back and forth), rayleigh waves (up and down)

Question 42

Measuring an earthquake

Answer 42

Seismometer (instrument to detect) Seismographs (detect and record) Seismograms (printout)

Question 43

Scales for earthquakes

Answer 43

Magnitude (richter) and intensity (mercalli)

Question 44

Results of earthquakes

Answer 44

Tsunamis

Question 45

Volcano

Answer 45

A rupture in earths crust that allows lava gases and ash to escape

Question 46

Ring of fire

Answer 46

Where most of the volcanoes on earth occur (surrounding Pacific Ocean)

Question 47

Volcanic materials

Answer 47

Water vapor, ash, lava, carbon dioxide

Question 48

Lava (2 types)

Answer 48

Pahoehoe (ropey) Aa (rough)

Question 49

Volcanic danger

Answer 49

Phriclastic flow: avalanche down the slope (glowing one: Nuée ardente) Lahars: mudflows of ash, melted ice and snow

Question 50

3 types of volcanoes

Answer 50

Cinder cones Composite cones Shield volcanoes

Question 51

Cinder cone volcanoes

Answer 51

Smallest type Steepest slopes

Question 52

Composite cone volcanoes

Answer 52

Most violent Intermediate slopes

Question 53

Shield volcanoes

Answer 53

Largest Shallowest slopes

Question 54

Large circular crater

Answer 54

Caldera