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Fundamental - 1020 > Activity, Immobility, and Safe Movement > Flashcards

Activity, Immobility, and Safe Movement Flashcards

1
Q

Musculoskeletal System:

A

provides the framework for movement

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2
Q

Nervous System:

A

controls voluntary movement, posture, balance, and gait.

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3
Q

Cerebral Cortex:

A

regulates motor activity

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4
Q

Cerebellum:

A

controls coordination

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5
Q

Motor activity on the right side of the body is controlled by:

A

motor fibers on the left side of the brain. (vice-versa)

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6
Q

Neurotransmitters communicate electrical impulses from:

A

nerves-to-muscles facilitating movement

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7
Q

Proprioception:

A

awareness of posture and movement

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8
Q

Equilibrium:

A

balance that depends on the cerebellum and inner ear

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9
Q

Inner ear fluid remains stationary when the head moves quickly:

A

to allow a person to maintain balance

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10
Q

Body Alignment:

A

relationship of one body part to another

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11
Q

Body Balance:

A

achieved by low center of gravity; enhanced by posture

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12
Q

Friction:

A

force that occurs in a direction to oppose movement

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13
Q

Coordinated body movement:

A

result of weight, center of gravity, and balance

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14
Q

Lift Technique:

A

keep item close to your body
bend at knees
tightened ab muscles and tuck the pelvis
keep trunk erect and knees bent

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15
Q

Cardiopulmonary System:

A

provides oxygen and circulates nutrients to body tissues.

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16
Q

Damage to the cerebrum or cerebellum and spinal cord injury will impair:

A

a person’s ability to ambulate and control movement

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17
Q

Ischemia:

A

reduced blood flow

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18
Q

Hemiparesis:

A

weakness on one side of the body

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19
Q

Hemiplegia:

A

paralysis on one side of the body

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20
Q

Paraplegia:

A

lower body paralysis (caused by lower spinal cord trauma)

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21
Q

Flaccidity/Hypotonicity:

A

lack of muscle tone, results from lack of physical activity, injury, or neurological impairment

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22
Q

Spasticity/Hypertonicity

A

increases muscle tone, results from reduced ROM and abnormal movement patterns

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23
Q

Osteoporosis:

A

lack of bone mass

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24
Q

Osteoarthritis:

A

deterioration of joint cartilage

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25
Q

Quadriplegia:

A

inability to move all four extremities, also causes difficulty with breathing

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26
Q

Isotonic:

A

dynamic muscle contraction and active movement

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27
Q

Isometric:

A

static muscle contraction without joint movement

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28
Q

Isokinetic

A

muscle contraction against resistance

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29
Q

Aerobic:

A

activity amount of oz taken into the body is greater than that used to perform. uses larger muscle groups, improves cardiovascular conditioning.

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30
Q

Anaerobic:

A

muscle cannot draw enough oxygen from bloodstream

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31
Q

Atrophy:

A

wasting

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32
Q

Contracture:

A

permanent fixation of a joint

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33
Q

Footdrop:

A

permanent plantar flexion

34
Q

Disuse Osteoporosis:

A

loss of bone mass due to lack of activity

35
Q

Pathologic bone fracture:

A

spontaneous breaks without trauma

36
Q

Sustained lack of activity may lead to resorption of bone, causing bone to become less dense and calcium to be released into the bloodstream, excess is excreted. This leads too:

A

Disuse osteoporosis and pathologoic bone fractures

37
Q

Range of Motion:

A

degrees of movement

38
Q

Active Range of Motion:

A

full movement

39
Q

Passive Range of Motion:

A

nurse moves each joint to point of resistance

40
Q

Dangling:

A

patient sits on the side of the bed before standing

41
Q

Why is dangling important?

A

to prevent injury to previously non-ambulatory patients

42
Q

Gait:

A

manner of walking

43
Q

Cardiac Workload is Increased:

A

when the body is in the supine position due to increases venous return

44
Q

Lung Expansion is Decreased:

A

because of the body’s weight against the bed puts pressure on the rib cage

45
Q

The diaphragm:

A

has less room to expand due to pressure of organs

46
Q

What is a DVT:

A

pooled blood combined with weakened calf muscle

47
Q

BMK decreases:

A

body begins breaking down muscle protein for energy

48
Q

Musculoskeletal:

A

disuse osteoporosis
disuse atrophy
contractures
stiffness and pain in joints

49
Q

Cardiovascular:

A 
diminished cardiac reserve 
orthostatic hypotension
venous vasodilation and stasis
dependent edema
thrombus formation
50
Q

Respiratory:

A

decreased respiratory movement
pooling of respiratory secretions
atelectasis
pneumonia

51
Q

Metabolic:

A

decreased metabolic rate
negative nitrogen balance
anorexia
negative calcium balance

52
Q

Urinary:

A

urinary stasis
renal calculi
urinary retention
urinary infection

53
Q

GI:

A

anorexia
uncomfortable position
embarrassment
constipation

54
Q

Psychoneurological:

A

decline in mood elevating substances
perception of time intervals deteriorates
problem solving and decision making abilities deteriorate

55
Q

Integumentary:

A

decubitus ulcers
venous stasis ulcers
necrosis

56
Q

Urinary Stasis:

A

may develop due to the dependent position of the bladder when patients are supine

57
Q

Breeding ground for UTI’s

A

stagnant urine

58
Q

Pressure on bony prominences:

A

can cause tissue ischemia

59
Q

Prolonged tissue ischemia:

A

may lead to necrosis

60
Q

Necrosis:

A

death of cells, tissue, or organs and destruction of all layers of the skin, muscles, and fat

61
Q

Assessment of the skin include:

A

observation of color, texture, warmth, and intactness

62
Q

Normal Reactive Hyperemia:

A

increased blood flow after restoration of the blood supply

63
Q

Isolation:

A

may result from inactivity and bed rest

64
Q

Sleep and Rest Patterns:

A

may be disturbed because of inactivity, environmental noise, constant disruptions for direct care and treatments, and frequent napping throughout the day

65
Q

Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are use for:

A

mild to moderate pain relief

66
Q

Moderate to Severe Pain:

A

Narcotics

67
Q

Why do you medicate a patine before activity?

A

to enhance the patient’s ability to move

68
Q

Logrolling:

A

moving the whole body as a unit

69
Q

Trochanter Rolls:

A

keep the hip from externally rotating when the patient is in supine position

70
Q

Transfer belts should be used for patients with:

A

unsteady gait or generalized weakness

71
Q

Example of Isotonic Exercise:

A

ADL’s, ROM, walking

72
Q

Example of Isometric Exercise:

A

kegel exerceise, planks

73
Q

Example of Isokinetic Exercise:

A

leg extension machine

74
Q

Example of Aerobic Exercise:

A

running/biking

75
Q

Example of Anaerobic Exercise

A

sprinting, weight-lifting

76
Q

Weight bearing exercises can decrease:

A

risk for osteoporosis

77
Q

Factors affecting body alignment and activity:

A

growth and development
behavioral aspects
cultural and ethic origin

78
Q

Can a nurse delegate getting a patient out of bed for the first time?

A

No, this cannot be delegated

79
Q

If patients on bed rest have some mobility, the nurse should teach them:

A

to shift every 15 minutes

80
Q

Turn immobile patients every:

A

2 hours

Fundamental - 1020 (9 decks)

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